Visible light-mediated direct decarboxylation of carboxylic acids with an acridine photocatalyst is a convenient and powerful method to generate carboncentered radicals in polymer chains. Advantageously, this process proceeds under mild conditions, without preactivation of the acid groups. We utilize decarboxylation in the presence of a hydrogen atom donor to form statistical acrylate-ethylene and acrylate-propylene copolymers, which are challenging to obtain by direct polymerization. We additionally show that decarboxylation of methacrylic acid units within polymethacrylates can trigger degradation of the polymer backbones. Moreover, a dual catalytic approach, which combines the function of an acridine photocatalyst with that of a cobaloxime catalyst, is leveraged to furnish unique copolymers with pendent alkenes. Our work indicates that direct decarboxylation is a versatile technique for the synthesis of functional materials with tailored compositions and properties.
An enantioselective [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction of ortho-quinone methides and bromomalonates using a quinine and BINOL derived phase-transfer catalyst is described. With high yields and enantioselectivities, the method provided a variety of optically active dihydrobenzofurans, which represent a valuable structural motif present in numerous naturally occurring and biologically active molecules.
A highly selective multicomponent carbonyl allylation reaction of 1,3-butadienes, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and aldehydes has been established under the combined catalysis of palladium acetate and chiral anion phase transfer to render the favorable assembly of chiral Z-configured homoallylic alcohols in high yields and with excellent levels of enantioselectivity.
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