Just et al. (2002) reported that E. lutescens produces litters inadequately in captivity, but Stefan and Steimer (1978) stated that E. lutescens has a relatively regular reproduction rate in the laboratory. Ognev (1963) found that E. lutescens gave birth to four litters annually, each with 2-4 young; Coşkun and Ulutürk (2003) reported that they gave birth to at least two litters throughout the year having 2-4 pups; Nowak (1995) stated that they produce 6-7 litters annually, each with 3-5 young; Walker (1964) found that E. lutescens can bear 1-7 pups twice a year; and Stefan and Steimer (1978) stated that they produce litters regularly each with 1-4 pups throughout the year. The gestation period of E. lutescens is 26 days and the young reach sexual maturity by 96 days. The pups stay with parents for 2 months (Nowak, 1995). According to Ognev (1963) and Coşkun and Ulutürk ( 2003), E. lutescens breeds from April to the end of October and in March-April and October-November, respectively.Evdokimov (2013) concluded that the northern mole vole (E. talpinus) has a low reproductive potential. Smorkatcheva and Kumaitova (2014) mentioned that while Zaisan mole voles (E. tancrei) readily breed in captivity, the birth rate is generally low and quite unpredictable, with intervals between litters ranging from 32 days to about 6 months. Evdokimov (2013) reported that sexual maturation in E. talpinus depends on the time of the animal's birth, but most of them matured after the first wintering. The young opened their eyes on days 21-28 and independent feeding was observed on days 20-25. Younglings reach the size of adult animals at an age of 2-3 months. Smorkatcheva and Kumaitova (2014) stated that pups of E. tancrei opened their eyes around days 22-26. Weaning gradually occurred over the next several days. E. tancrei offspring stay in the natal burrow until at least 2-3 months of age. During this period, reproductive females can deliver one or several litters. Female offspring most likely will not breed unless their mother dies. Litter size ranges from 1 to 4 pups. Smorkatcheva and Kumaitova

No abstract

No abstract

K uzey Irak bölgesinden 3 farklı lokaliteden toplanan 11 Kör Fare (Nannospalax) örneği üzerinde ayrıntılı olarak morfolojik özellikleri çalışılmıştır. Bazı taksonomik özellikleri, dış vücut ve baş iskeleti ölçüleri araştırılmıştır. Örneklerden elde edilen bilgiler literatür bilgileriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar bu bölge Körfare'lerinin incelenen populasyonlarının benzer morfolojik özelliklere sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Böylece, Kuzey Irak populasyonları morfolojik bakımından Nannospalax ehrenbergi türü olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

No abstract