No abstract

Thermosonication (TS) has been identified as a smart remedy for the shortcomings of heat treatment, which typically requires prolonged exposure to high temperatures. This technique combines moderate heat treatment with acoustic energy to eliminate harmful microorganisms and enzymes in food products. Unlike conventional heat treatment, thermosonication utilizes short holding times, allowing for the preservation of food products’ phytochemical compounds and sensory characteristics. The benefits and challenges of this emerging technology, such as equipment cost, limited availability of data, inconsistent results, high energy consumption, and scale-up challenges, have been assessed, and the design process for using ultrasound in combination with mild thermal treatment has been discussed. TS has proven to be a promising technique for eliminating microorganisms and enzymes without compromising the nutritional or sensory quality of food products. Utilizing natural antimicrobial agents such as ascorbic acid, Nisin, and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) in combination with thermosonication is a promising approach to enhancing the safety and shelf life of food products. Further research is required to enhance the utilization of natural antimicrobial agents and to acquire a more comprehensive comprehension of their impact on the safety and quality of food products.

No abstract

The pollen (typha domingensis pers.) of the papyrus plant is one of the foods rich in minerals and active chemical compounds, known for its important properties. This study came to determine those chemical compounds and the possibility of including pollen in the development of suitable cake formulations. The active compounds in the three pollen extracts (aqueous, ethanol, and hexane) were determined by gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer (GCMS), The total content of flavonoids and the antioxidant activity by free radicals DPPH was estimated by hydrogen donation for all chemical extracts, The mineral elements were estimated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well as studying the sensory properties of pollen cake. The results showed that pollen contains many active compounds such as gamma.sitosterol, catechol, propionic acid, phenols and palmitoleic acid. The highest total flavonoids content was at the concentration of 75 mg/ml, as it ranged between 99 mg/ml for the ethanolic extract and 98 mg/ml for the aqueous and hexane extract. The pollen extracts showed that they had a good ability to inhibit free radical DPPH by donating hydrogen , the results showed that there were no significant differences in the percentage of inhibition of the extracts , which amounted to 83% ,79% and 76% for hexane ,ethanol and aqueous extracts at a concentration of 75mg/ml .The results showed that the pollen contained a good content of calcium, potassium, magnesium and zinc, which amounted to (19.794, 23.620, 4.578 and 0.08) g/L, respectively. Sensory evaluation also showed excellent potential of pollen when used as a functional ingredient in cake making.