Background: This study aims to assess COVID-19 related knowledge and practice among the Egyptians in Upper Egypt and to identify barriers that hinder adherence to these preventive measures.Design and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 21 to 30 August 2020, via both online survey and personal interviews using a non-probability self-nominated sample.Results: A total of 731 participants completed the questionnaire. The mean age was 32.1± 2.1 and 64.3% were females. The main sources of knowledge were, Internet and Social Media followed by TV then family and friends. More than 96% of the respondents knew the origin, nature, the main symptoms, and the modes of transmission of COVID-19, however, 37.6% of them thought that COVID-19 patients must develop symptoms. 75.8% and 73.6% of the participants respectively covered their nose and mouth during sneezing and washed their hands regularly, 65.4% wore masks in crowded places, while only 31.1% and 30% of them respectively avoided touching their faces or shaking hands with friends. Knowledge and practice were positively correlated and both were linked to younger age and higher education and the female gender was also a predictor of better practice. The most common perceived barriers to adherence to preventive measures were feeling uncomfortable, forgetfulness then financial causes.Conclusions: the study subjects were aware of COVID-19 and its preventive measures however adherence to some of these measures was not prevalent amongst them, indicating an urgent need of addressing and targeting barriers that hinder adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the future policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Egypt.

Background: Recently the growth of online learning programs has been driven by the progress of the internet and the information technology that improved the education. Due to advancement of the latest technology, online learning has arisen as a substitute complement to traditional teaching and learning. Objective(s):To determine factors affecting satisfaction of Sohag university students with online learning. Methods: Strachota's Online Satisfaction Survey was applied on 782 students from faculty of medicine, pharmacy and education to assess the satisfaction of students with online learning. It included five main parameters (student-content interaction, student-instructor interaction, studentstudent interaction, student-technology interaction, and general satisfaction). Results: Half of the studied students (50.3%) were not satisfied with online learning as a continuous method for education. Males were more satisfied (59.5%) than females (45%). Students living in urban areas (53%) were more satisfied than those of rural areas (45.8%) and students of faculty of medicine were more satisfied (54.4%) than faculties of pharmacy and education (40% & 48.6% respectively). The availability of computers and internet was significantly affecting the satisfaction of students with all parameters. Conclusion: Half of the studied students were not satisfied with online learning as a continuous method for education. The factors affecting the satisfaction of students with online learning were availability of computers and internet, male gender and urban residence.

Introduction; during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) period, most of the countries were locked down and most of the hospitals established for COVID-19 patients only. The idea of telemedicine and online clinic was necessary and a good solution for patients who cannot reach or afraid from contacting corona virus carriers at cardiology clinics or hospitals. Aim of work; this study was conducted to assess the value of telemedicine in cardiac patients care and ease managing their chronic illness during COVID-19. Subject and Methods; A cross sectional study during the course of one month of tele monitoring (from 5 July to 4 August), we received 2003 alerts (phone calls and messages). We used to communicate with patients on time or shortly within 24 hours according to their complaints. Results; As regard onset of complaint, 14.4% were acute onset and 85.6% were gradual onset. Recommendation for admission for only 15.1% and 84.9% of patients advised to continue treatment at home with some changes in doses. Conclusion ;Telemedicine had a lot of economic and social benefits and it is a good solution especially in certain circumstances like the COVID-19 outbreak. It allows better follow-up, stimulation of self-management of the illness, improvement of quality of life, reduction of rehospitalization costs, and faster treatment in cardiac emergencies.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and potentially lethal form of venous thromboembolism (VTE) which is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Most patients die of this fatal condition usually within the first 1 h of the event with mortality rate reaching nearly 10% during this period .(1)

COVID-19 started from Wuhan-china by end of 2019 and then spread all over the world. WHO declared it as a pandemic. A lot of theories about its pathogenesis were published suggesting its ability via spike protein S to bind to ACE 2 in type 11 pneumocytes as lock and key model then virus genome transferred within cell to begin replication and millions of copy are produced and start to infect other cells, There is associated inflammatory response start by macrophages to engulf this foreign antigen and chemotactic and cytokines production followed by increase capillary permeability up to cytokine storm and death.(1) Protocols of treatment: Varying from mild cases with just supportive treatment with self-isolation to moderate, severe and critically ill cases which becomes ventilated and little percentage will survive of ventilated cases.(6) Rational: In premature neonates with a primary surfactant deficiency , there is ARDS and surfactants is the main line of therapy. Now it is well known that the virus is attached to and is replicated within type 11 pneumocytes, the main function of these cells is production of surfactants which decrease surface tension and keep the alveoli patent without collapse. In this condition there is a secondary surfactant deficiency which may play a role in pathogenesis and deterioration of patient clinical condition. So, I suggest that treatment by surfactant therapy either derived from endogenous or exogenous source in severe cases can improve clinical condition, delay or avoid patient ventilation by refilling debilitated surfactants and lavage of bronchial tree, this directly decrease mortality rate.

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major cause of death in developed and developing countries. Many of CAD patients don't have any other classic risk factor except diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urinary albumin excretion and severity of coronary artery lesion by coronary angiography in type 2 diabetic patients.Patients and Methods: This study, conducted with 200 type 2 diabetic patients with documented CAD by coronary angiography. The ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine was calculated. The study populations were classified according to albumin to creatinine ratio, Group I: Normoalbuminuric group (120 diabetic patients), Group II (80 patients) and subdivided into Group II a (56 microalbuminuria patients), Group II b (24 macroalbuminuria patients). The severity of CAD was estimated using multi-vessel affection and SYNTAX score. Results:The prevalence of triple vessel CAD was significantly higher in Group II (microalbuminuic and macroalbuminuric patients). Triple vessel CAD was present in 13.3% of patients in Group I (normoalbuminuric), whereas it was present in 62.5% of patients in Group II (p<0.001). Left main artery stenosis was present in 8.3% in Group I and 20% in Group II (p=0.03). Of patients, 16.6% and 70% in Group I and II had Ostial and Para ostial stenosis respectively (p<0.001). Major side branch stenosis was present in 20% of patients in Group I and in 90% of patients Group II (p<0.001). The severity of CAD by SYNTAX score revealed that, patients of Group II had higher SYNTAX scores compared to Group I (29± 8 vs. 16-}6, p<0.001). Patients with macroalbuminuria had higher SYNTAX scores compared to those with microalbuminuria (30±3 vs. 26-}6, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found smoking, dyslipidemia and albuminuria were risk factors for coronary artery lesion ( p=0.004, p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively). Conclusion:Patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria have more extensive and severe angiographic CAD compared to those with normoalbuminuria.

Bariatric surgeries involvement in treating comorbid obesity is growing fast. Since it was first approved as a treatment for those who had previously failed to reduce weight through conventional ways, the usage of bariatric surgery has significantly increased. The body mass index is frequently used in clinical practise to identify obesity, which is generally understood to mean having a significant quantity of harmful body fat (BMI). Since the BMI's creation, numerous studies involving sizable populations have shown a J-shaped relationship between the BMI and risk of morbidity or mortality, with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 (the definition of obesity in many guidelines) being undeniably linked to an elevated risk of morbidity or mortality. A severe and rapidly expanding global health hazard is the prevalence of morbid obesity. While some people can lose additional weight by making lifestyle changes, participating in exercise programmes, and following diet plans, bariatric surgery is still the treatment of choice for many patients who don't react to other forms of therapy. In terms of weight loss and comorbidity alleviation, bariatric procedures have produced excellent results. However, some issues with bariatric surgery have been reported, including anastomotic leakage, stenosis, haemorrhage, weight regain, and nutritional inadequacies. Due to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass's poor absorption capabilities (RYGB), ND is an expected complication. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and other restraint-inducing operations are also linked to ND. The purpose of this review of the research is to present and discuss the nutritional effects of bariatric procedures and the currently available treatment alternatives.

Background: Social media platforms are among the foremost widely used sources of data within the world, the straight forward and cheap access to the web and an outsized number of registered users in these platforms make them one among the simplest and best ways to disseminate information. During major events, the general response is typically a greater look for information be it a sports event, a disease, or a natural disaster. an honest example are often seen with the height of searches for information on the web and social media platforms in China preceding the height of incidence in COVID-19 cases by 10-14 days, with which Internet and social media networks searches have a demonstrated correlation with the incidence of disease (1, 2). Social media platforms have also become helpful for the lay public to take care of communication with friends and family to scale back isolation and tedium which are related to anxiety and long-term distress, therefore becoming a crucial recommendation for isolation reception to assist to scale back the psychological impact (3). Aim of work: Explain the role of social media in COVID-19 pandemic Methods: We reviewed the previously published literature about the topic and also studies Results: we have found several effects for social media on the public will be mentioned in the following review of literature