The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on growth, yield, fruits’ quality and enzymes’ activities was monitored in strawberry plants cv. Camarosa grown under salinity stress via two pot experiments in two successive years of 2018 and 2019. The examined concentrations of SA were 30, 60, and 90 ppm, which foliary applied in addition to control (sprayed with water), while the used levels of salinity were 20, and 40 mM as NaCl as irrigation application in addition to control (without salinity). The results showed a significant effect of salinity at 40 mM where the mean values of shoot fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll, leaves’ NPK, yield plant−1, yield ha−1, and fruits’ ascorbic acid were significantly decreased. However, the 40 mM salinity resulted in a significant increase in leaves’ content of Na and proline as well as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes’ activity and the fruits’ TSS and acidity. The application with 90 ppm SA was found to be the most significant positive treatment for all of the studied characters except the Na leaves’ content. Regarding tolerance index percentages (STI%), the high values of CAT, POD, and proline referred to the ability to use them as indicators for strawberry salinity response in other physiological and plant breeding studies. The findings of this study suggest that the 90 ppm SA foliar application can ameliorate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of strawberry cv. Camarosa.

Two field experiments were conducted in the summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of potassium fertilization (0, 40, and 80 Kg K2O fad -1 ), foliar application of NAA (0, 5 and 10 ppm), and CKs as two types (BAP and TDZ at 0, 10 and 20 ppm) on yield and quality of potato tubers c.v. "Hermes". Generally, the examined levels of each studied factor were affected significantly on all yield and tubers quality traits, in both seasons. Also, the best level of each factor was 80 Kg K2O fad -1 , 5 ppm for NAA and 10 ppm TDZ for CKs. According to the first order interaction between the pairs of three main factors, the best treatment combinations were 80 Kg K2O+5 ppm NAA, 80 Kg K2O+10 ppm TDZ, and 5 ppm NAA+ 10 ppm TDZ, in both seasons. Moreover, the second order interaction among the three studied factors was found to affect significantly all the studied characters with superiority of treatment combination of 80 Kg K2O+5 ppm NAA+10 ppm TDZ, in both seasons. The treatment combination of 80 Kg K2O+5 ppm NAA+10 ppm TDZ could be a recommended for increasing potato yield with keeping high quality of potato tubers.

The most dangerous biotic-stress impact in confronting the common bean was damping-off disease. This study aims to examine eco-friendly means instead of using traditional chemical fungicides. Pre-sowing seeds treatment with gradual doses of gamma irradiation (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy) was chosen compared to Vitavax fungicide. Two germination tests and two open field experiments were conducted during summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 using common bean "Giza-7". Generally, all the treatments were affected significantly all of the studied characters, in both seasons. In particular, the treatments of 20 Gy or Vitavax were significantly enhancing the vigor of common bean plants in confronting the biotic stress of damping-off disease. They, significantly, increased the germination%, survival%, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll reading, 100-seed weight, seed yield fad -1 , seeds content of N, P, and K%, seeds crude protein, enzymes activity of CAT, POD, and PPO, leaves total phenols and total soluble proteins without significant difference between them. While, the same two previous treatments shared their ability to significantly reduce pre-, post-, and total damping-off percentages, in both seasons. Concerning the cluster analysis of total soluble proteins, the results revealed that the closest treatments were 20 Gy and Vitavax. This study's findings suggest the capability of replacing the fungicide Vitavax with a low dose of gamma irradiation (20 Gy) as pre-sowing seeds treatment for enhancing the physiological status of common bean plants in addition to disease aspects when grown under the biotic stress of damping-off disease.

During the two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 the feild experiment was conducted in Al-Aqwaz, Giza Governorate, aiming to study the effect of three planting dates (1 st of December, 15 th of December and 1 st of January) and three irrigation regimes (50, 75 and 100% of the irrigation requirements for each of the selected planting date) on the vegetative growth, chlorophyll, tuber chemical composition (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and calcium), tuber yield and its quality parameters (specific gravity, dry matter, protein and starch). The results showed that there were significant effects for the treatments of planting dates and irrigation regimes on all of the studied characters, in both seasons of study. Also, the effect of irrigation regems was more pronounced comparing with the effect of plantting dates on studied characters. However, The planting on the first of December and/or the irrigation with 100% of the irrigation water requirements were the most satisfactory treatments for exhibiting the most favorable vegetative growth, highest yield as well as tuber quality for potato cv. Spunta planted in Al-Aqwaz, Giza Governorate or any other similar areas.