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Background: Few studies have shown that an increased risk of dementia is associated with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia in people with diabetes in primary care in the UK. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study using the UK The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. People diagnosed with diabetes from 2000 to 2016 were included in the study. Prevalence and incidence rates of dementia were calculated annually, stratified by age and gender. Results: The prevalence of dementia was 0.424% [95%CI (0.420%-0.427%)] in 2000 and 2.508% [95% CI (2.501%-2.515%)] in 2016. The highest prevalence was in those aged 85+ from 2.9% [95%CI (2.890%-2.974%)] in 2000 to 11.3% [95% CI (11.285%-11.384%)] in 2016. The incidence of dementia increased 3.7 times, from 0.181 cases per 100 persons [95% CI (0.179-0.183)] in 2000 to 0.683 cases per 100 persons [95%CI (0.679-0.686)] in 2016, respectively. Women had a higher prevalence and incidence of dementia than men 3.138% [95% CI (3.127%-3.150%)] vs 2.014% [95% CI (2.006%-2.022%)] and 0.820 [95% CI (0.814-0.826)] vs 0.576 cases per 100 persons [95%CI (0.571-0.580)] in 2016, respectively. Conclusion: There was a trend of increasing prevalence and incidence of dementia in people with diabetes over the period of 2000 to 2016. This study adds to the evidence on dementia prevalence and incidence, particularly in the diabetic population.
Background and purpose:The aim was to determine trends and patterns of symptomatic medication used against dementia in 66 countries and regions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that used the wholesale data from the IQVIA Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System database. Sale data for symptomatic medication against dementia from 66 countries and regions from 2008 to 2018 were analysed and stratified by income level (low/middle-income countries [LMICs], n = 27; high-income countries [HICs], n = 37; regions, n = 2). The medication use volume was estimated by defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (World Health Organization DDD harmonized the size, strength and form of each pack and reflects average dosing). Changes in medication use over time were quantified as percentage changes in compound annual growth rates (CAGRs).Results: Total symptomatic medication against dementia sales increased from 0.85 to 1.33 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day between 2008 and 2018 (LMICs 0.094-0.396; HICs 3.88-5.04), which is an increase of CAGR of 4.53% per year. The increase was mainly driven by the LMICs (CAGR = 15.42%) in comparison to the HICs (CAGR = 2.65%).The overall medication use from 2008 to 2018 increased for all four agents: memantine (CAGR = 8.51%), rivastigmine (CAGR = 6.91%), donepezil (CAGR = 2.72%) and galantamine (CAGR = 0.695%). In 2018, the most commonly used medication globally was donepezil, contributing to 49.8% of total use volume, followed by memantine (32.7%), rivastigmine (11.24%) and galantamine (6.36%). Conclusion:There was an increasing trend in the use of symptomatic medications against dementia globally, but the use remained low in LMICs. Interventions may be needed to support the medication use in some countries.
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