Four bodybuilders who injected anabolic steroids and ingested commercial protein (78–104 g/day) and creatine (15 g/day) products presented with serum creatinine levels between 229.84 and 335.92 µmol/L (2.6–3.8 mg/dL). Renal biopsies revealed acute tubular necrosis. Four weeks after discontinuing injections and supplements, serum creatinine was in the normal range and estimated glomerular filtration rate > 1.00 mL/s (60 mL/min), including two patients with biopsies showing >30% interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. The findings highlight a risk for acute and potentially chronic kidney injury among young men abusing anabolic steroids and using excessive amounts of nutritional supplements.
A novel
propitious nanoporous anodized stainless steel 316L (NASS316L)
photoanode was developed for water splitting. The anodization could
successfully produce a uniform nanoporous (∼ 90 nm in pore
diameter) array (∼ 2.0 μm thick) of NASS316L with a high
pore density. Several techniques, including FESEM, EDX, XRD, XPS,
ICP-OES, and UV–vis-NIR spectrophotometry, were employed to
characterize the catalyst and to assess and interpret its activity
toward water splitting. Surprisingly, the NASS316L retained almost
the same composition of the bare stainless steel 316L, which recommended
a symmetric dealloying mechanism during anodization. It also possessed
a narrow band gap energy (1.77 eV) and a unique photoelectrocatalytic
activity (∼ 4.1 mA cm–2 at 0.65 V versus
Ag/AgCl, 4-fold to that of α-Fe2O3) toward
water splitting. The onset potential (−0.85 V) in the photocurrent–voltage
curve of the NASS316L catalyst demonstrated a negative shift in its
Fermi level when compared to α-Fe2O3.
The high (23% at 0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) incident-photon-to-current conversion
efficiency and the robust durability revealed from the in situ analysis
of the produced H2 gas continued recommending the peerless
inexpensive and abundant NASS316L catalyst for potential visible-induced
solar applications.
A protocol for the carbonylative synthesis of acyl amidines from aryl halides, amidines, and carbon monoxide catalyzed by Pd(0) is reported herein. Notably, carbon monoxide is generated ex situ from a solid CO source, and several productive palladium ligands were identified with complementary benefits and substrate scope. Furthermore, sequential one-pot, two-step protocols for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles via acyl amidine intermediates are reported. In addition, this approach was extended to isotopic labeling using [ 11 C]carbon monoxide to allow, for the first time, synthesis of 11 C-labeled acyl amidines as well as a 11 C-labeled 1,2,4-oxadiazole.
Cefoperazone (Cfz) is a member of the third generation of parenteral cephalosporin antibiotics. It is used on a wide scale in prescribed antibiotic drugs as anti-infection, especially for Gram-negative and also against Gram-positive microorganisms. The current study aimed to find a rapid RP-HPLC method of Cfz analysis with high linearity, repeatability, sensitivity, selectivity, and inexpensive. In our developed method, there is no need to use special chemical reagents, a high percentage of organic solvent, a high flow rate, further guard column. The chromatographic system comprises an ODS column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 μm). The mobile phase was prepared by mixing KH2PO4 solution: acetonitrile (80:20) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at detection wavelength 230 nm, at room temperature using injection volume 20 μL. The method manifested a satisfied linearity regression R2 (0.9993) with a good repeatability range (0.34–0.92%) with LOD and LOQ; 4.04 μg/mL and 12.24 μg/mL respectively. The method proved its efficiency via system suitability achievement in the robustness and ruggedness conduction according to the validation guidelines. The shorter analysis time makes the method very valuable in quality control to quantify the commercial Cfz in pharmaceutical preparations. This improved HPLC method has been successfully applied for Cfz analysis for Peracef and Peractam vials in our routine finished and stability studies testing laboratories. Additionally, the detection limit of Cfz has been tested in our quality control lab to detect the smallest amount of traces that may be present after the cleaning process of the production machines for cephalosporins preparations. In a precedent for the first time, we were able to use the current analysis method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriostatic concentration (MBC). The conventional broth micro-dilution tube method was used to determine MIC at 250 µg/mL and MBC at 125 µg/mL of Cfz against the standard strain of Burkholderia cepacia (B. cepacia) ATCC 25416 as Gram-negative bacteria in vitro.
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