Filtration performance of a geotextile is related to its capacity to retain soil particles over time without clogging. A pore size determination such as the filtration opening size (FOS) is used to assess the geotextile's filtration behavior. Standard hydrodynamic methods use a soil with a uniformity coefficient (Cu) greater than 6, with the coarser particle size value at least twice the estimated FOS value, and with a d10 four times smaller than the FOS value. The filtration opening size determination, using such a soil, is greatly influenced by the size of the coarser particles and by their fraction. Pore size has been overestimated because of these factors and because of the curve continuity. The soil nature of the gradation curve and the quantity of soil used in the test may distort pore size determination, hide some phenomena, and lead to errors in interpretation. The geotextile structure can be characterized by the mass per unit area, thickness, density of fibers, fiber diameter, porosity, and fabrication process. This report includes the first results of a laboratory study performed at the Polytechnical School of Montreal, the University of Liège, the University of Grenoble, CEMAGREF (Antony, France), ENEL (Milano, Italy) and the Ontario Ministry of Transports (Toronto, Canada) on the interaction between geotextile structure and filtration opening size (FOS).
The rearrangement of the soil in contact with a geotextile is of basic importance in the behavior of engineering filtration systems. The paper presents a microscopic method for the analysis of soil/geotextile systems. This method supports filtration tests to explain experimental and field behaviors. A morphometric method was applied to analyze the used geotextiles and the microstructure of the soil layer upstream of the filters. In order to observe the natural filter structure and the clogging level of the filter, soil/geotextile samples were encapsulated in an epoxy resin, cross-sectioned, and analyzed under a microscope. The filtration laboratory tests have been performed on in situ soils to supplement microscopic analysis to forecast filtration behavior of geotextiles. Using both techniques, the time-dependent phenomena taking place at the soil/geotextile interface and the clogging mechanisms can be identified. In this paper, the microphotographs of soil/geotextile systems and their water permeabilities as a function of filtration time are presented.
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