One Arabic and two Indian patients with thalassaemia intermedia produce only Hb F for the G gamma type. Haemoglobin synthesis studies and genetic analysis indicate that they are homozygous for G gamma delta beta thalassaemia. The findings in these patients and their heterozygous relatives are compared with those in an individual homozygous for G gamma A gamma delta beta thalassaemia. From this analysis, and from previously reported data on G gamma A gamma delta beta thalassaemia, the phenotypic expression of the two varieties of delta beta thalassaemia is defined. The relationship between the clinical expression and molecular pathology of these forms of delta beta thalassaemia is discussed.
This research work was conducted to detect the prevalence and incidence of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Duck at hoar area of Kishorganj district in Bangladesh. The study period was July 2013 to December 2013 and the molecular work was done in Central Disease Investigation Laboratory (CDIL), Dhaka. A total number of 736 blood serum sample and 150 cloacal swab sample were collected from asymptomatic semi scavenging duck above 4 month of age. Blood serum sample was tested to detect the prevalence of Avian Influenza Virus A (AIV) specific antibody through indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Essay (ELISA) and cloacal sample was tested to detect the incidence of AIV through real time Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR). A total number of 736 blood serum sample were tested in which 684 is positive (+ve) of Avian Influenza type A antibody and 52 are negative (-ve) of Avian Influenza type A. The prevalence rate was 92.93%. The tested result shown that prevalence rate was in 4-6 month of age as 93.96%, as 7-9 month of age as 92.92 % and in 10-12 month of age as 91.91%. A total number of 15 pooling sample from 75 cloacal samples was conducted for detection of AIV that shed in environment. After calculating the result through real time Reverse Transcription (RT) -PCR, it was shown that 2 pooling sample was positive (13.33%) for AIV and 13 pooling sample was negative (86.87%) for AIV. So incidence rate was 13.33% for AIV. This duck can transmit the AIV in the surrounding poultry population and clinical outbreaks may occur. After analysis of ELISA & PCR result it was shown that duck act as a natural reservoir of AIV in Bangladesh.
Thiamethoxam (THM) is a widely used agro-pesticide in Bangladesh, though European Union has banned this neonicotinoid insecticide due to its toxic effects on non-target organisms. A 60-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of THM on gills of Banded Gourami Trichogaster fasciata. The experiment was conducted in 15 PVC tanks each containing 100L water. The 96-h LC50 value of THM was estimated as 161.06mg/L for Banded Gourami. Based on estimated 96-h LC50 value, the experiment was carried out using a control (0 mg/L of THM) and five sub-lethal concentrations (9.37, 18.75, 37.5, 75 and 150 mg/L of THM in water) with three replications. For collection of gills, fishes were sampled on day-30 and day-60 of exposure to THM. Several histopathological changes were observed in the gill tissues of treated fishes viz. clubbing and reduction of gill filaments, telangiectasis of gill lamellae, haemorrhage and damage of gill raker. Water quality parameters (e.g. DO, pH and temperature) were recorded every 15 days interval. The DO levels were found to decrease significantly with increasing THM concentrations and time of exposure, whereas no noticeable changes were observed for pH and temperature. Therefore, neonicotinoid crop insecticide like THM is capable of damaging gill tissues of an small indigenous fish Banded Gourami.
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