The article presented how to learn an Indonesian folktale entitled Timun Emas which related to the process of the environment. The elements of fiction in this folktale, the setting, was a clue in relating the nature and the human which was part of eco-criticism. This research presented the earth-centered approach to literary studies to see how nature was represented in this folktale, what role of the physical setting played in the plot, the values expressed in this folktale, how metaphor of the land influenced the way human treated it, how the concept of wilderness had changed over time, in what way literacy itself had affected humankind relationship to the natural world. It also analyzed the interconnections between culture and nature, specifically the cultural artifacts oflanguage and literature, understanding the ethical system and use it to reform them. This research used a qualitative method which was based on library research. The theory of Glotfelty then was combined with Anthropocentrism to see the human as the center of the hemisphere and how they determine the ecosystem and the policy related to nature. It is concluded that Timun Mas is able to represent the Indonesian culture, human and nature relationship, as well as culture and nature relationship drawn from the values and belief in the folklore.

Repressed unresolved psychological conflicts for some people can be safely channeled into a poetical literary work as—despite its short and audio-visually framed and limited form— it could speak of bigger ideas with more freedom, and English as a medium had its own capacity to truthfully communicate the ideas. The goal of this study was to reveal the spoken and the unspoken truths behind Andriani Marshanda’s poetic expressions and their visualization in The Unspoken 1: You Used Me and The Unspoken 2: Letter to God. This research focused on how English played an important role in safely channeling the ideas and how oxymoronic metaphors used in the poems speak more of the unspoken words and worlds within the poems. It used library research by employing a textual analysis of the selected poems using Macherey’s concept of the spoken and unspoken. The additional data were also taken from the real life of the author found in printed and electronic media. The analysis will be focused on the revelation of the silence or unspoken that unconsciously infiltrates the spoken or expressed lines of the poems. It is concluded that the poems speak more bluntly of the persona’s lack of freedom, feelings of being exploited, incongruous and dilemmatic state of mentality, and a newly perceived, happily anticipated, and more truly liberated life.

This research aims to learn a potential and a struggle of the Chinese in clash of power during Amangkurat I (1646-1677) reign. The Chinese role was represented by Rara Oyi and her parents, Ki and Nyi Mangun. Literature study is done by applying binary opposition which is part of Post Collonialism theory. Analysis is done by showing evidences related to Binary opposition, which are good versus bad, man versus woman, powerful versus powerless, majority versus minority, oppressor and oppressed, rich versus poor, and love versus hate. It can be concluded that all aspects of binary oppositios and multiculturalism are presented clearly in Rembulan Ungu novel written by Bondan Nusantara.

Article aimed at exploring social problems reflected in 15 selected short stories printed in Kompas during 2007 both explicitly and implicitly. Specifically, this research is focused on the mapping of dominant social problems raised by the short stories, the social criticisms strongly voiced by the authors and the hopes of a better situation implicitly reflected in these interesting short stories. This study applies the Defamiliarization Effect promoted by Bertolt Brecht and Negative Dialectics or Negative Knowledge by Theodor Adorno, specifically in analyzing the literary works as a criticism tool. The result of the research shows that phenomena of social problems current lately in Indonesian context like identity, poverty, corruption, religious tensions, moral degradation, politics dirtiness, minority group problems, social security, natural disasters and the like are clearly seen and teased in these writings.

Mimesis is the representation of reality. This writing focuses on the analysis of three different representations of heaven in a short story The Preacher and His Lover by Yukio Mishima. The first representation is from the narrator's interpretation, stressing on the existence of an ideal heaven in common people's point of view, employing this worldly measurement in describing the ideal heaven. The second representation comes from Great Preacher with his view that the represented heaven is a place where he can enjoy the earthly and bodily enjoyment that he avoids in this world. And lastly, the representation from the Great Concubine who puts forward a contradictory (especially with the Great Preacher) point of view that the dreamed heaven is not at all the enjoyment that people experience in this world.