Background: Modernization, industrialization and urbanization are now posed with the problem of increase in ARI morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological information regarding risk factors and management is scanty. A large gap exists in our knowledge about these factors, which needs to be fulfilled by systematic studies. The present study is designed to identify the risk factors of pneumonia in our area.Methods: This was a prospective clinical study of pneumonia conducted on 94 children who were admitted to Paediatric ward in GSL Medical College General Hospital, Rajahmundry in study duration. Epidemiological factors affecting the same were studied and bronchoscopy was done whenever it was needed. A detailed history of the relevant symptoms, such as fever, cough, rapid breathing, refusal of feeds, noisy breathing, bluish discolouration etc., was collected.Results: The most affected children belonged to the age group of 1 year to 3 years (64.9%). Bronchopneumonia (86.2%) was the most common clinical diagnosis made at admission. According to WHO ARI control programme, 28.7% had pneumonia, 54.3% had severe pneumonia and 17% very severe pneumonia. It was found that younger age group, malnutrition, kutcha house, crowding, poor sanitation facilities, cooking with fuel other than LPG (indoor pollution) and low socio economic status and high respiratory rate were significant risk factors for pneumonia in children.Conclusions: ARI, especially pneumonia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Bronchopneumonia is the predominant form of presentation in infants and preschool children.
Introduction: It is essential to identify urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile children and institute prompt treatment to reduce the potential for lifelong morbidity. With this a study was taken to find the prevalence of UTI in febrile children one year to five years of age. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in GSL Medical College. Febrile children aged 1 year to 5 years attending the outpatient department or admitted in the hospital were included in the study. Socioeconomic status was categorized as per modified kuppuswamy scale. The fresh urine sample was subjected for urinalysis and culture and sensitivity. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between different categorical variables; P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 200 participants were included with male female ratio 0.87. Maximum cases were in lower middle class and nil participants in upper class. Significant pyemia was detected 13.5% (27) cases, statistically the difference was not significant (P>0.05) and culture positivity was 8% (16); Esch. coli was the predominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia spp. Conclusion: The culture positivity was 8% which is significant in the pediatric group. Hence any child with fever, UTI also should be suspected.
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