Dirumuskannya ketentuan mengenai hipotik kapal dalam UU Pelayaran Tahun 2008 dan keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam International Convention on Maritime Liens and Mortgages 1993 belum mampu mengisi kekosongan hukum yang dibutuhkan oleh para pelaku dalam aktivitas bisnis pelayaran, sementara di sisi lain, lembaga keuangan dan perbankan membutuhkan landasan hukum yang memadai untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan mereka akan pengembalian dana pengadaan kapal. Diperlukan penataan aturan-aturan di bidang hipotik kapal, terutama memisahkan aturan tersebut dari undang-undang pelayaran, untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan lembaga keuangan dan perbankan dalam mendanai sektor ini.Kata Kunci : hipotik kapal, penataan aturan, pendanaan.
The implementation of international trade in the forest products that related with sustainable production and consumption cycle process include the legal regime of international trade in natural resources, the State Government exporters and importers, as well as markets in importing countries. International trade law regime is still have a weak role in preventing the illegal logging trade, hence it is required a International Law drafting concepts which can avoid illegal actions by obligating the exporters or the exporter countries with certain obligations. These efforts require a reconceptualization the relationship between trade and environment, which until now are often placed in the same dichotomy.Key Word: Legal Frame, Prevention, Illegal Logging.
The structure of international health law is currently composed under the philosofical basis of segregate and dichotomous international community. This structure affects the handling and management of TID, which is currently much harm the interests of developing countries as the emerging of multinational pharmaceutical companies. This study aimed to understand and analyse the existing system and structure of international health law (lex lata) to be used as a basis in an effort to design an ideal structure of international health law system.Keywords:international health, reform, structure of law.Key words: International health, reformation, legal structure.
The implementation of obligations under GISN is considered very unfair by the Government of Indonesia, so the Government stated that it is necessary to halt the delivery of sample virus to WHO until some provisions related to virus sharing and vaccine benefits are amended. In the perception of the Government, this unfair situation is a result of injustice mechanism under the GISN and IHR. New concepts are required to make changes to realize the global influenza disease surveillance system is more fair, equitable, transparent. Pelaksanaan kewajiban virus sharing dalam GISN dianggap sangat tidak adil oleh Pemerintah Indonesia, sehingga perlu diambil langkah penghentian pengiriman sample virus sampai ada perubahan oleh WHO terhadap ketentuan mengenai virus sharing dan vaccine benefits. Persepsi mengenai kerugian yang dialami oleh Pemerintah Indonesia itu merupakan wujud dari ketidakadilan yang terjadi dalam sistem GISN dan IHR. Diperlukan konsep-konsep baru untuk melakukan perubahan untuk mewujudkan sistem pencegahan penularan penyakit influenza global yang lebih berkesetaraan, transparan dan adil.
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