International audienceIn an induction furnace, as a result of electromagnetic forces, the free surface of a liquid aluminum bath deforms and takes the form of a dome. The oxide layer that forms spontaneously on the free surface of aluminum melts may also influence the deformation by exerting an additional friction force on the metal. A non-intrusive experimental technique-Structured Light Fringe Projection-was used to measure the complete surface deformation and its fluctuations, for a varying set of operating parameters-inductor current intensity and initial liquid metal filling level inside the crucible. For an axisymmetric geometry, numerical simulations were carried out to calculate in a single framework: (i) the electromagnetic forces using the A-V formulation, (ii) the free surface deformation using the Volume of Fluid method, and (iii) the turbulent stirring of the metal using a RANS-based k-omega model. The friction force due to the oxide layer was modeled by imposing a pseudo-wall condition on the free surface, which makes the interfacial velocity very small compared to the average liquid metal pool velocity. A marked impact on the dome height due to applied friction force is observed. Finally, comparisons between the predicted and measured domes are presented
In this study, we develop a novel framework to assess health risks due to heat hazards across various localities (zip codes) across the state of Maryland with the help of two commonly used indicators: exposure and vulnerability [11]. Our approach quantifies each of the two aforementioned indicators by developing their corresponding feature vectors and subsequently computes indicator-specific reference vectors that signify a high risk environment by clustering the data points at the tail-end of an empirical risk spectrum. The proposed framework circumvents the information-theoretic entropy based aggregation methods whose usage varies with different views of entropy that are subjective in nature [9] and more importantly generalizes the notion of risk-valuation using cosine similarity with unknown reference points.
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