This paper examines James Justinian Morier's The Adventures of Haji Baba of Ispahan in order to reveal various horizons of meaning as a result of four different readings of the novel. The entertaining effect is surveyed through the first reading. The satirical hue which tints the events and characters is disclosed through the second reading. The third reading looks at the objectives underlying the entertaining and satirical-corrective texture of the narrative via employing Edward W. Said's critical theory of 'Orientalist discourse'. And, finally, the fourth reading is an examination of the ambivalent attitude of the writer towards the cultural, ideological and social deportment of the Persians. The last reading has a focus upon the inadequacy of Said's monolithic opinion on Colonial discourse's look towards the East.
The focus of this research is in the area of the relationship between linguistics and the Victorian literature. Such a study is important in order to demonstrate how the masterpieces of Victorian literature possess the potential to be studied according to the principles of linguistics and how the motives behind many characters’ activities can be determined by recourse to linguistics. The findings from this research provide evidence that all human activities follow the same rules which all the human languages are based on and according to which they all function due to their common root in the human mind. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that linguistic principles can constitute a great methodology for determining the real motives behind many activities done by the humans. This paper recommends that linguistic principles can be an excellent methodology by means of which the researchers can study the literary works of other eras in the English literature.
This study examines the claims about Adiga Arvinda’s anti-protagonist’s, Balram Hawaie’s status as representive voice of subaltern, in his controversial novel, the White Tiger (2008), which also gave way to much debate over its ‘authenticity’. By alluding to postcolonial thinkers such as Edward Said, Ghandi, Spivak, and also Giorgio Agamben’s notion of inclusive exclusion, the essay focuses on the evidence from the novel to indicate that there is no space from which the subaltern of the novel can be heard. The research utilizes the precepts of postcolonial criticism to examine the possibility of considering any room for the voice of the subaltern in The White Tiger for being heard. Through a close reading of the text, also, the study addresses the alterations in the character of the protagonist which ostracize him from the league of the subaltern.
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