In our paper we present a research framework, how the concept of evoting, as a complex info-communication technology innovation can potentially create social trust on an institutional level and political cohesion on a national level. In the centre of our argument will be the observation that the fluid borders between citizenship and nationality combined with mobility of inhabitants increase the demand for innovative voting solution supporting national elections. Also by developing this multifaceted research agenda we may find useful theoretical contribution to the field of e-democracy in general.

A sportesemények biztonságos lebonyolításának egyik garanciális eleme a rendezvények biztosítása, ami a hazai és nemzetközi sportélet egyik kiemelt feladata. A rendfenntartás, a biztonság megteremtése ugyanakkor napjainkban meglehetősen összetett, többszereplős feladat, melyben az állam elvesztette monopolhelyzetét a magánbiztonsági szektor megjelenésének köszönhetően. A (sport)rendezvények biztosításának garanciája pedig az erre kiképzett szakemberek feladata, melyhez elengedhetetlenül szükséges a megfelelő szintű és minőségű oktatás, az ágazatban foglalkoztatottak képzési háttérének megteremtése. A tanulmány arra mutat rá, hogy Magyarországon az intézményes szakmai képzések hiánya következtében a sportlétesítményekben megfelelő biztonsági ismeretekkel rendelkező szakemberek képzettsége messze elmarad a kívánatos szinttől. Felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy a rendezvénybiztosítás szakmai minőségének alacsony színvonala a sport- és egyéb rendezvények tekintetében jelentős kockázati tényező, különösen egy olyan időszakban, amikor a vizsgált szektor – a jövőbeli fejlesztési irányokat tekintve – kiemelt prioritást élvez.

No abstract

Under democratic conditions, the enforcement of educational rights and obligations is one of the guarantees that the education and training system can fulfill its function effectively. In Hungary, the system of educational institutions and legal protection operating within the framework of the rule of law dates back to more than a quarter of a century, but experience in such a short period of time is significant. By presenting some of the rights and obligations related to public education, the paper gives the reader an idea of how a post-socialist country in Central and Eastern Europe operates its public education system and how it was able to adapt to European norms more than 30 years after the public law regime change. At the same time, this approach not only informs about the realization of the second-generation rights to education in Hungary, but also provides insight into the current direction of public education policy, for example through the issue of centralization-decentralization. Therefore, the study examines only those public education legal relations that are the most characteristic in terms of the presentation of the Hungarian system-in the opinion of the author-, and best reflect the public education conditions in Hungary.

Populism is by no means a legal term, and its conceptual matrix is unclear. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge for Public law, as populist trends challenge the notion of the rule of law and the formal mechanisms for the protection of fundamental rights. The European context illustrates this challenge. In this context, this contribution addresses three points: first, in general terms, the concept of populism is considered in its potential contacts with Public law issues; second, the cases of Poland and Hungary over the last decade are developed, highlighting their contexts and the way in which political and legal institutions, and more specifically constitutional courts, have been able to respond to populist trends. Finally, a concluding point discusses the lessons that can be drawn from these European cases, not only with regard to Poland and Hungary, but more broadly at the European and international levels. The article permits to identify the shortcomings of the instruments for the protection of fundamental rights, which are also the shortcomings of a still incomplete European Public law.