The aim of the study is to create a performance evaluation controlling model to evaluate the performance of tourism enterprises as a function of the economic effects of COVID-19. As a result of the significant change in demand resulting from the economic environment, expectations and cyclicality caused by the pandemic, the assessment of organization performance has become subjective. Under these changed environmental conditions, most of the methods used by tourism companies to evaluate performance are not effective enough. In our research, we illustrated a controlling model based on fuzzy logic through a case study. By applying the model, it becomes possible to evaluate project-oriented tourism organizations according to different standardized norms. Our model considers the subjectivity derived from measurability and goal setting. We point out that the performance of organizations operating in the tourism industry significantly influenced by COVID-19 can be subjectively assessed during the pandemic period and thus depends on the analytical context. By evaluating the performance of tourism organizations along internal organizational goals, more relevant information content and more informed managerial decision support can be achieved.
Natural competition provides a beneficial environment for consumers, as consumers emerge as winners of price and quality competition between organizations, as they can purchase quality products for the value of their money. For organizations, however, this competition results in a reduction of profits. Therefore organizations have an interest in distorting open market competition because they "do better." Collusion is a relatively common but hidden and illegal way of distorting market competition. It is difficult for government agencies to spot and detect such activities because they do not happen openly. Our theoretical research examines that when a collusion occurs in an oligopolistic market, certain market trends or their dynamics change relative to the dynamics of a competiive baseline situation. Thus, the fact of collusion can also be detected with high probability in terms of amplitude of changes in market share and other market indicators.
Many green financial products currently have a low financial return level; even so, these products are spreading dynamically. In our study, we explored Hungarian green financial investment preferences and separated consumers of green financial products into homogeneous groups, which were characterized on the basis of sociodemographic characteristics. In the case of investments with a similar risk, using the sample we examined we proved that there is a homogenous group (C2) in Hungary which prefers green aspects to higher financial returns in the course of its investment decisions. We separated a group (C3) which can be considered influenceable, and we concluded that, with the application of appropriate marketing activities, this group could be a potential target consumers for national banks and traders of green financial products in the future. Young females are the main target consumers for green financial products in Hungary, and they are the largest majority of the C2 group, for whom financial rationality takes a backseat to green aspects. Based on the results of our study, national banks and traders of financial products can create a more accurate and effective marketing strategy for their products on the Hungarian market.
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