This study manages the numeric roots of the 7th-order linear & nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs) utilizing another CB(Cubic-B) spline strategy. Cubic Spline interpolation is a different type of spline interpolation which is utilized very frequently to escape the problem of Runge's phenomenon. That technique provides an interpolating polynomial which is evener and has lesser error than former interpolating polynomials such as Lagrange polynomial and Newton polynomial. The primary thought is that we have altered the BVPs to deliver another framework arrangement of linear equations. We develop the class of numerical techniques for a particular selection of the factors that are associated with CB Spline. The end conditions associated with the BVPs are determined. For each problem, the results obtained by CB Spline is compared with the exact solution. The absolute error(AE) for every iteration is calculated. To show the higher level of preciseness of CB Spline, the absolute errors of the CB Spline has been compared with different techniques such as Modified Decomposition Method(MDM), Differential Transform Method(DTM), Homotopy Perturbation Method(HPM), Variational Iteration technique(VIT) and observed to be more accurate. Graphs that describe the graphical comparison of CB Spline at n=5 and n=10 are also included in this paper. The calculation created here isn't just for the numeric roots of the 7th-order BVPs. It also evaluates the derivative to the 7th-order derivative of the specific solution. A few models are represented, which depicting the practicality and capability of the suggested conspire. Abbreviations CB Spline Cubic B Spline BVPs boundary value problems MDM Modified Decomposition Method DTM Differential Transform Method HPM Homotopy Perturbation Method VIT Variational Iteration technique MAE maximum absolute error RECEIVED
Now a day's success and failure of Software Company depend upon the selection of an appropriate model for the development of the product. Many software methodologies were used to develop the quality software. But it is still a challenge for developers to select which methodology may be best suited for software development. In this research some methodologies such as XP, spiral and scrum were analyzed along with their strength and weaknesses and find out the best suited methodology in various situations. This analysis also helps the software practitioners in selection of model which save time and provide customer satisfaction by in time delivery of right product. Efficient utilization of' resources was also being done by the model which grows up the company.
In Pakistan, Testing and implementation of ERP software projects facing product and project risks due to its initial stages. All these risks whether related to project or product must be tackled before these risks became the threat for software success. Better evaluation of ERP software required road map for Planning, identifying risks and testing activities. In this research paper a Progressive testing technique followed by spiral process model was introduced to develop ERP software. The spiral process model identified different ERP software risks and progressive testing technique tackled with these risks. This Progressive testing technique involved (TDD),(ATDD),(TFD),(TLD),(BDD),Pair Programming and gray box testing. Resultantly a Revolutionized Spiral Software model RSSM was developed with better testing solutions for the successful development of ERP software in Pakistan. To get a larger nationwide view on the RSSM (across Pakistan), a survey was conducted through a questionnaire and the results were analyzed to show whether the provided solution meets the organization goals.
In this paper, cubic polynomial and nonpolynomial splines are developed to solve solutions of 10th- and 12th-order nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs). Such types of BVPs occur when a consistent magnetized force field is applied crosswise the fluid in the substance of gravitational force. We will amend our problem into such a form that converts the system of [Formula: see text]th- [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]th-order BVPs into a new system of [Formula: see text]nd-order BVPs. The appropriate outcomes by using CP Spline and CNP Spline are compared with the exact root. To show the efficiency of our results, absolute errors calculated by using CP Spline and CNP Spline have been compared with other methods like differential transform method, Adomian decomposition method, variational iteration method, cubic B-spline, homotopy perturbation method, [Formula: see text]th- and [Formula: see text]th-order B-spline and our results are very encouraging. Graphs and tables are also presented in the numerical section of this paper.
In this paper, an extended cubic B Spline scheme (CBS) is utilized to solve linear 10th-order boundary value problems (BVPs). Such types of BVPs occur in stability analysis of electrically conducting fluid in a magnetic field. The key concept is that we switched the BVPs to recreate a system that consists of all linear equations. We will alter our problem into such a form that converts the system of 10th-order BVPs and we are struck on a new system of 2nd-order BVPs. The appropriate outcome given by using CBS is contrasted with the accurate root to each problem. For each and every iteration, absolute error is also premeditated. The rule originated here aside from the estimation of the 10th-order BVPs also evaluates derivative from 1st-order to 10th-order of the accurate root. Couple of examples are demonstrated to evidence the adequacy and aptitude of the proffered strategy.
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