SynopsisThe orientation factor by infrared dichroism of polypropylene film was compared with the other orientation factors. After the correction of imperfect polarization and the suitable choice of the base line, it was found that infrared dichroism is a reliable indicator of the orientation factor. Orientation factors obtained from the 998 and 842 cm.-l bands agreed with the x-ray orientation factor, and that from the 975 cm.-l band agreed with the optical orientation factor.
Surface flow patterns visualized by water surface ripples, foam, drifting wood, or local differences in color of water are analyzed by a specific PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique developed by one of the authors that can treat oblique angled video images. The point of this paper is to check the accuracy of discharge measurements with PIV by comparing it with those obtained by the other velocity measurement techniques such as the float method, the method that uses aerial photographs and the Manning's formula. In addition, velocity resolution by the PIV measurement is examined in detail as functions of viewing angle and distance from the video camera. The result shows that estimated discharges by the presented PIV technique are comparable to those obtained by the float method. The PIV technique is a promising method that can farther be extended to an automatic measurement preparing for the coming optical fiber cable network system.
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