Microsomal fractions were isolated from gastric antrum and fundus smooth muscle of guinea pigs. Ca2+ uptake into and Ca2+ release from the membrane vesicles were studied by a rapid filtration method, and Ca2+ transport properties of the different regions of the stomach were compared. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was similar in microsomes isolated from both regions. This uptake was increased by oxalate and was not affected by NaN3. Oxalate affected Ca2+ permeability of both antrum and fundus microsome vesicles similarly. Fundus microsome vesicles preincubated in 100 mM NaCl and then diluted to 1/20 concentration with Na+-free medium had significantly higher ATP-independent Ca2+ uptake than vesicles preincubated in 100 mM KCl and treated the same way. This was not true for antrum vesicles. Monensin abolished Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, and NaCl enhanced Ca2+ efflux from fundus microsome vesicles. The halflife values of Ca2+ loss from fundus vesicles in the presence of NaCl were significantly smaller than those in the presence of KCl. The release of Ca2+ from the vesicles within the first 3 min was accelerated by NaCl to three times that by KCl. However, NaCl had no effect on Ca2+ release from antrum microsome vesicles. Results suggest two distinct mechanisms of stomach membrane Ca2+ transport: (1) ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and (2) Na+-Ca2+ exchange; the latter in the fundus only.
It has been reported that triangular-shaped positive pressure pulses applied to the airway (high-frequency inflation, HFI) stimulates pulmonary stretch receptors and prolongs expiratory duration. In the present experiment, changes in the integrated curve of expiratory activity induced by HFI were investigated. Duration until the onset of the expiratory activity (El stage) was unchanged. In the E2 stage, the initial ascending slope became steeper and higher peaks were reached during HFI stimulation. The period from the onset of the slope to the peak, previously designated the stage of active expiration (Ea stage), showed no consistent change in duration and remained unchanged on average. The period after the peak until the onset of the following inspiratory activity was consistently prolonged. This period was designated the declining stage of expiration (Ed stage). expiratory activity ; high-frequency inflation ; pulmonary stretch receptors ; vagal afferents ; expiratory duration 65
We constructed a system for advising diabetic outpatients at cross-sectional departments in a small-scale hospital and investigated the feasibility and usefulness of the system. Our interdisciplinary diabetes care team developed a diabetes education program, and the team that formed around the primary physician advised the patients who were following the program. The team consisted of 5 different health professionals including the primary physician, and advised the outpatients on an on-call basis for approximately 6 months. The program was offered to 36 out of 38 diabetes outpatients who satisfied the entry criteria, and 14 of those patients (program group) completed the entire program. The average number of professionals who advised each patient was 3.6 1.0. The HbA1c (NGSP) significantly decreased, especially body weight (kg) and BMI (kg/m 2) remarkably decreased in obese patients. The HbA1c (NGSP) significantly decreased in the program group compared with the usual treatment group not participating the program. The feature of the program is that it is targeted at outpatients with a temporal restriction, and can implement cross-sectional care. The program that adopted an outpatient on-call system in order to optimize staffing suggests its feasibility and usefulness.
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