Objective: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse the treatment results of clinically localised angiosarcoma of the scalp and face. Methods: The records of 48 patients who were treated between 1987 and 2009 were reviewed. single modality or a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were administered. The median follow-up of all 48 patients was 13.7 months (range 2.5-105.9 months). Results: At the time of analysis, 45 of 48 patients (93.8%) had disease recurrences, and the lung was the most frequent site for recurrence (37 patients). In multivariate analysis, performance status (PS) and number of tumours were significant predictors of lungmetastasis-free (LMF) rate. For patients with multifocal tumours, chemotherapy use significantly decreased the LMF rate (p50.0072). The 2-year actuarial overall survival (OS), progression-free survival and local control rates in all 48 patients were 22.1%, 10.7% and 46.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, PS, number of tumours, surgery and radiotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS. Patients treated with both surgery and radiotherapy (2-year OS: 45.8%) had a significantly more favourable OS (p,0.0001) than patients treated with either surgery or radiotherapy (2-year OS: 11.1%) and patients treated with neither surgery nor radiotherapy (2-year OS: 0%). Conclusions: Our results indicated that PS and number of tumours were significant predictors for developing lung metastases. Our results also indicated that PS, number of tumours, surgery use and radiotherapy use were independent prognostic factors for OS. Multimodal treatments including surgery and radiotherapy were effective in improving OS for patients with these tumours. Advances in knowledge: Multimodal treatments including surgery and radiotherapy are effective in improving overall survival for patients with angiosarcoma of the scalp and face.

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Cysts showed variability in their walls, and air-fluid levels and vessels or bronchi penetrating the cysts appeared to be characteristic findings, which may be useful for detection and accurate diagnosis in patients with pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma.

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Our method is potentially easier and safer than the traditional ipsilateral method with fibrin glue using a three-lumen balloon catheter because the fourth lumen makes possible the use of a guidewire to access the targeted portal vein and measurement of any portal vein pressure elevation following PVE via the fourth lumen.