The brain areas perfused by superselective intra-arterial (i.a.) chemotherapy were assessed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). A superselective catheter was introduced into the anterior, middle, or posterior cerebral artery of patients with malignant glioma for i.a. chemotherapy. 99mTc-HMPAO was subsequently injected via the same catheter used for chemotherapy, and a higher dose of 99mTc-HMPAO was injected intravenously to obtain adequate background brain images. Comparison of the SPECT images with magnetic resonance images could confirm complete perfusion of the tumor tissue. In two patients with malignant glioma, regions of interest were selected in the peritumoral brain area and a reference brain area, and the radioactivity was measured. The concentration of 99mTc-HMPAO was about 50 times higher in tissue perfused by superselective injection into anterior or middle cerebral artery compared to intravenous injection. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT is readily available in many institutions and the information provided is useful for planning more effective and safe i.a. chemotherapy.
A free-standing GaN wafer was fabricated by depositing a GaN buffer that induced the formation of pits (hereafter, pit-inducing GaN buffer) on a low-temperature-grown GaN buffer on the sapphire substrate. A high-temperature-grown GaN layer was grown on the pit-inducing GaN buffer that induced the formation of pits on the high-temperature-grown GaN layer. The pit-inducing buffer suppresses crack formation in the thick GaN film thereby releasing growth stress. Thermal stress in GaN on a sapphire system is also discussed on the basis of calculations utilizing a bilayer model. We have succeeded in the fabrication of a nearly 4-in.-diameter free-standing GaN thick wafer with a pit-inducing GaN buffer by one-stop hydride vapor phase epitaxy, which will lead to a low-cost fabrication of free-standing GaN wafers.
This report concerns a characteristic feature of the blood picture of epidemic encephalitis which, we believe, will prove extremely valuable in diagnosis and prognosis. Limitation of available clinical material and in ability to explain some features of our work have prevented an earlier presentation of the facts. However, the results of a series of animal experiments carried out by one of us 1 recently have substantiated the clinical evidence assembled two years ago. Briefly, this evidence can be summarized: The peroxidase test (copper method) of Sato and Sekiya on myeloid leukocytes is negative in an acute case of typical epidemic encephalitis (with lethargy, ophthalmoplegia, and asthenia or fever), but is positive in any other disease, whether of infectious or non\ x=req-\ infectious origin. This is true only of the peroxidase test as done by the copper method, which we believe is superior to other peroxidase methods in simplicity, in sensitivity, in constancy of color and its contrast with the unstained red cells, and in the durability of the reagents used. More¬ over, fixation of the blood smears is unnecessary. PEROXIDASE STAIN OF SATO AND SEKIYA (COPPER METHOD) I. Reagents Used. 1. Solution A. Copper sulphate solution, one half per cent. 2. Solution B. Preparation : Rub 0.2 gm. of benzidin with a few drops of water in a mortar. Add 200 c.c. of water at room temperature and filter.To the filtrate add 4 drops of hydrogen peroxid (3 per cent.). If kept in a brown bottle in the dark when not in use, this preparation will last a year, although precipitation will begin to occur soon after preparation.
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