Sparassis crispa (SC), Hanabiratake in Japanese, is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties, which has recently become cultivable in Japan. We have already demonstrated the antitumor and antiallergic activities of this mushroom. 1)SC contains more than 40% of b-D-glucan and it has been reported that its major structural unit are b-(1→3)-D-glucan backbone with single b-(1→6)-D-glucosyl side branching units every three residues.1-3) However, a detailed structure study of b-D-glucan from SC has not been achieved yet by chemical analysis.b-1,3-D-Glucan is a well-documented biological response modifier, 4) and b-D-glucan extracted from SC (SBG) has been reported to possess many biological activities, such as antitumor effects, 1,2) antiallergic effects, 1) improvement of natural killer (NK) cell activity, 1) cytokine-inducing activities in the splenocytes of the mice and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) [5][6][7] and enhancement of hematopoietic responses. 2,[8][9][10] Furthermore, a recent study has suggested the possibility that the application of SBG in cancer patients could be an effective treatment strategy. 11)However, besides immunoenhancing activities, the mechanisms of antitumor activities of b-1,3-D-glucan derived from SC have not been investigated thus far.Angiogenesis is involved not only in the physiological processes such as embryonic development, ovulation and wound healing, but also in many pathological conditions such as solid tumor growth, diabetical retinopathy, age-related maculopathy and rheumatoid arthritis.12-15) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most prominent angiogenic protein often secreted by the solid tumor cells especially under hypoxic conditions. [16][17][18] Newly formed blood vessels help in tumor progression and promote metastatic spread of the tumor cells. Therefore, anti-angiogenic strategies are considered to be highly effective in cancer therapy. [16][17][18] In the present study, we elucidated the primary structure of SBG using methylation analysis, investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of SBG by using two different animal models, and further assessed the anti-metastatic activities in vivo. We further analyzed the possible mechanisms of SBG function by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsDulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was obtained from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Humedia-EG2 medium was purchased from Kurabo (Osaka, Japan). Antibiotic-antimycotic solutions (100ϫ) containing 10000 units/ml penicillin, 10 mg/ml streptomycin and 25 mg/ml amphotericin B in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Wako (Osaka, Japan). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco BRL (Auckland, New Zealand). Diffusion chamber ring, MF cement and 13 mm circular membrane filters were obtained from Millipore (Tokyo, Japan). Growth factor reduced phenol red-free Matrigel was obtained from Becton Dickinson & Co. (Franklin Lakes, NJ, U.S.A.). Recombinant mouse VEGF was purchased from...
SummaryUrokinase (UK), a fibrinolytic enzyme activator purified from human material was immobilized on nylon using different procedures. One was a modified method of immobilization of antigen or antibody initially carried out by Edelman and others in 1971 (Procedure I). The other was our newly devised method (Procedure II) (Sugitachi et al. 1976).Major specificities of the immobilized UK are as follows:1. The UK revealed properties of a plasminogen activator and the optimum pH of the immobilized UK was between 7.2 and 7.4, these values being in good parallel with that of soluble UK. The immobilized UK maintained a stable fibrinolytic activity after long-term preservation and heat-treatment.2. As the fibrinolytic activity of immobilized UK was found to be inhibited by the antiplasmin in human plasma, an antiplasmin inhibitor was immobilized on the nylon together with the UK.The antiplasmin activity was to some extent prevented using this procedure.3. Nylon tubes immobilized with UK and antiplasmin inhibitor were used for thrombotic coagulation studies carried out according to the method of Chandler. Thrombus formation time (TFT) of UK-immobilized tubes was 30 min, while that of the non-treated tubes was no longer than 10 min.
Seventeen patients with carcinoma of the breast received a combination of transcatheter arterial embolization and regional chemotherapy before surgery. A gelatin powder mixed with an anticancer agent and blood clotting factors (own technique) was selectively injected into the internal mammary artery, the lateral thoracic artery, and the thoracodorsal artery. Marked regression of both primary tumor and metastatic regional lymph nodes was observed. The potential of this method as presurgical treatment is discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.