Photoredox-catalyzed hydrodifluoroalkylation of alkenes proceeded smoothly in the presence of a Hantzsch ester as a hydrogen source under visible light irradiation. The reaction was also applicable to the hydrodifluoroalkylation of alkynes, and a continuous photo flow reaction was also successful.

Recently, system designers, especially in the field of product life-cycle management system start considering use of user memory bank of UHF RFID tags. By storing most useful life-cycle data onto a tag, user can access to the data even without access to back-end databases. One of the major issues to make use of the user memory bank is detection of memory tampering. Although technology vendors start introducing new functionalities such as fine grained locking along with high capacity user memory, these tags with new functionalities require new non-standardized air protocol to operate -require modified version of reader/writers. Also, these tags are usually more expensive. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to this problem: tag side write journaling mechanism and "Tag Memory Cloaking," which protect the journal by using. Tag Private Memory region, which is only readable and not writable from external devices such as a reader/writer, but writable by tag itself. Also, any write to the user memory automatically add journal entry -offset and length of the write -into the Tag Private Memory region. Later, a user can check existence of overlapped writes to user memory by checking the journal records. Since we have not modified any of air protocol, standard compliant read/writer can fully capable of all of our proposed operations: write to the tag, read, then detect unusual modification to user memory area. We have implemented the functionality to Programmable Battery Assisted Passive tag (BAP), then validated the method with several standard compliant reader/writers.

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SUMMARYAn important aspect of a thin-film transistor (TFT) is reducing the current flowing between the source and drain when the gate is off. In this research, we proposed a new TFT, the tunneling dielectric TFT (TDTFT), that has a thin dielectric film on both ends of the channel region, and studied its operation through simulations. We calculated the drain current (I off ) when the gate is off, the drain currentdrain voltage characteristic, and the transconductance in the TDTFT. When the thin dielectric film is a 0.5-nm-thick TiO 2 film, I off of the TDTFT is about six digits less than that of a conventional TFT. We also studied the double silicon on insulator (DSOI) structure which improves the drive power of the TFT even for a thin Si film. When a TDTFT is fabricated on DSOI, simple calculations showed that the on-off ratio was several times better than that of a conventional TFT.

Nonthermal plasmas were generated using repetitively operated pulsed power generators, demonstrating the technology's potential in creating discharges relatively easily at atmospheric pressure. Control of plasma jets at atmospheric pressure facilitates a wide range of applications in material modification, medicine, and energy. This paper investigates the effects of gas flow velocity and helium mole fraction on plasma length under dielectric-barrier discharge. Helium gas was used for easy observance of light emission.Index Terms-Dielectric-barrier discharge, gas flow analysis, plasma jet, pulsed power, Schlieren method.

The rate of slow Li+ influx and the fraction of active form of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) of Electrophorus electricus membrane vesicles at equilibrium between the active and desensitized forms of the receptor were measured in the presence of various concentrations of phenyltrimethylammonium (PTA) and nereistoxin (NTX), by a simple filtration assay and flame emission spectroscopy. The equilibrium constants of these ligands in the minimal model, which accounts for the AChR-mediated ion flux, were estimated simply from these two measurements, since the equilibrium constants for acetylcholine (ACh) and carbamylcholine (Carb) estimated from two kinetic measurements agreed well with those estimated from five sophisticated kinetic measurements of AChR-mediated ion fluxes. PTA showed high potency but not high efficacy, and showed inhibition when large doses were applied. NTX showed both low potency and low efficacy and acted as an inhibitor when it was added with Carb. The apparent dissociation constants of these three agonists evaluated from the minimal model and the equilibrium constants agreed with those obtained by assay of inhibition of radiolabeled ligand binding.

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A novel spider toxin, NPTX-594, comprised of four constituents: i.e., 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (Dhpa), asparagine, 4,8-diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine (Dada), and lysine, was chemically synthesized. The synthetic compound was completely identical with the natural product as regards 1H NMR and mass spectra. The structure of NPTX-594 was thus determined synthetically to be N12-(Dhpa-Asn)-N1-Lys-Dada, as proposed by spectrometric elucidation.