Background Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, particularly follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has several histological subtypes. Periostin (PON), which is a non-collagenous extracellular matrix molecule, has been implicated in tumor invasiveness. We herein aimed to elucidate the expression status and localization of PON in thyroid tumors. Method We collected 105 cases of thyroid nodules, which included cases of adenomatous goiter, FA, microcarcinoma (MIC), PAC, FC, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDCa), and undifferentiated carcinoma (UCa), and immunohistochemically examined the PON expression patterns of these lesions. Results Stromal PON deposition was detected in PAC and MIC, particularly in the solid/sclerosing subtype, whereas FA and FC showed weak deposition on the fibrous capsule. However, the invasive and/or extracapsular regions of microinvasive FC showed quite strong PON expression. Except for it, we could not find any significant histopathological differences between FA and FC. There were no other significant histopathological differences between FA and FC. Although PDCa showed a similar PON expression pattern to PAC, UCa exhibited stromal PON deposition in its invasive portions and cytoplasmic expression in its carcinoma cells. Although there was only one case of UCa, it showed strong PON immunopositivity. PAC and MIC showed similar patterns of stromal PON deposition, particularly at the invasive front. Conclusions PON may play a role in the invasion of thyroid carcinomas, particularly PAC and UCa, whereas it may act as a barrier to the growth of tumor cells in FA and minimally invasive FC.
Background. Thyroid tumors are often difficult to histopathologically diagnose, especially follicular adenoma (FA) and follicular carcinoma (FC). Papillary carcinoma (PAC) has several histological subtypes. Periostin (PON), which is a non-collagenous extracellular matrix molecule, is related to tumor invasiveness. We aimed to elucidate the role of PON in thyroid tumors.Method. We collected 105 cases of thyroid nodules, which included cases of adenomatous goiter, FA, microcarcinoma (MIC), PAC, FC, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDCa), and undifferentiated carcinoma (UCa), and immunohistochemically examined the PON expression patterns of these lesions. Results. PAC and MIC exhibited stromal PON deposition, especially in the solid/sclerosing subtype, whereas FA and FC showed weak deposition on the fibrous capsule. However, the invasive and/or extracapsular regions of microinvasive FC demonstrated quite strong PON expression.Except for it, we could not find any significantly histopathological differences between FA and FC. Although PDCa showed a similar PON expression pattern to PAC, UCa exhibited stromal PON deposition in its invasive portions and cytoplasmic expression in its carcinoma cells. Although there was only one case of UCa, it demonstrated strong PON immunopositivity. PAC and MIC showed similar patterns of stromal PON deposition, especially at the invasive front.Conclusions. PON plays a role in the invasion of thyroid carcinomas, especially PAC and UCa, whereas it acts as a barrier against the growth of tumor cells in FA and minimally invasive FC.
A 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a suspected pancreatic cyst. Imaging tests revealed a 3-cm cystic lesion located ventrally in the duodenal bulbus, which was suspected to be a duplication cyst with its muscularis propria contiguous to that of the duodenum. One year later, the cyst grew to 6 cm due to intracystic hemorrhaging; therefore, surgery was performed. Histopathology revealed a heterotopic pancreas (HP) in the duodenal wall. The diagnosis was a large, non-malignant retention cyst. Inflammation due to impaired outflow of pancreatic juice from the HP was identified as the cause of cyst enlargement.
Background: Hybrid carcinoma (HC) of the salivary glands is defined as when two or more kinds of carcinoma exist at the same location in a single mass. Herein, we report 3 rare cases of salivary gland HC. Case Presentation: Case 1 involved an 86-year-old Japanese male. Case 2 involved a 70-year-old Japanese female. Case 3 involved a 66-year-old Japanese male. Histologically, case 1 involved a combination of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). Immunostaining indicated that the former was positive for gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)-15 and androgen receptor (AR), whereas the latter expressed cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and p63. Case 2 involved a combination of SqCC and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Immunostaining indicated that the former was positive for CK5/6 and p40, whereas the latter was positive for synaptophysin and neural cell adhesion molecule. Case 3 involved a combination of SDC and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC). Immunostaining indicated that the former was positive for GCDFP-15 and AR, whereas the inner cells of the latter were positive for CK7, and the outer cells of the latter were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and p40. A transitional zone between the SDC and EMC existed in case 3. Conclusions: Therefore, we diagnosed them as parotid gland HC. This is the first report of a case of HC involving a combination of NEC and SqCC. In case 3, it was speculated that high-grade SDC arose from low-grade EMC. However, as HC is different from carcinoma with high-grade transformation, HC should be diagnosed carefully.
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