There is a need to develop an optimization tool that can be applied in the feasibility study of a hybrid renewable energy system to find the optimal capacity of different renewable energy resources and support the decision makers in their performance investigation. A multi-objective function which minimizes the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Loss of Load Probability Index (LLPI) but maximizes the novel Energy Match Ratio (EMR) was formulated. Simulation-based optimization method combined with ε-constraint technique was developed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. In the study, ten-year hourly electrical load demand, using the end-use model, is estimated for the communities. The performance of the developed algorithm was evaluated and validated using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER®) optimization software. The developed algorithm minimized the LCOE by 6.27% and LLPI by 167% when compared with the values of LCOE ($0.444/kWh) and LLPI (0.000880) obtained from the HOMER® optimization tool. Also, the LCOE with the proposed approach was calculated at $0.417/kWh, which is lower than the $0.444/kWh obtained from HOMER®. From environmental perspective, it is found that while 141,370.66 kg of CO2 is saved in the base year, 183,206.51 kg of CO2 is saved in the ninth year.The study concluded that the approach is computationally efficient and performed better than HOMER® for this particular problem.The proposed approach could be adopted for carrying out feasibility studies and design of HRES for Off-Grid electrification, especially in the rural areas where access to the grid electricity is limited
Hybrid energy systems, which are combinations of two or more renewable and non-renewable energy sources, have been identified as a viable mechanism to address the limitations of a single renewable energy source, utilized for electricity generation. In view of this, several research works have been carried out to determine the optimal mix of different renewable and non-renewable energy resources used for electricity generation. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the optimization approaches proposed and adopted by various authors in the literature for optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems. It is observed that the objective functions-considered by a large percentage of researchers to optimize the sizing of hybrid energy systems-are cost minimization of the generated electricity, system reliability enhancement and environmental pollution reduction. Other factors covered in the literature are equally discussed in this article. Similarly, simulation and optimization software used for the same purpose are covered in the paper. In essence, the main aim of this paper is to provide a scope into the works that have been carried out in the field of hybrid energy systems, used for electricity generation with the view to informing researchers and members of the public alike, on trends in methods applied in optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems. It is believed that the information provided in this paper is very crucial in advancing research in the field.
This paper presents e This paper presents e This paper presents e This paper presents electrical l lectrical l lectrical l lectrical load s oad s oad s oad survey and f urvey and f urvey and f urvey and forecast for a typical off orecast for a typical off orecast for a typical off orecast for a typical off-grid rural decentralized hybrid power grid rural decentralized hybrid power grid rural decentralized hybrid power grid rural decentralized hybrid power generating systems of a rural area (Elebu) generating systems of a rural area (Elebu) generating systems of a rural area (Elebu) generating systems of a rural area (Elebu).. .. With the data available, energy demand and forecast for ten years was With the data available, energy demand and forecast for ten years was With the data available, energy demand and forecast for ten years was With the data available, energy demand and forecast for ten years was estimated estimated estimated estimated. It was also observed that this community has potential for small hydro, wind and solar energy which can. It was also observed that this community has potential for small hydro, wind and solar energy which can. It was also observed that this community has potential for small hydro, wind and solar energy which can. It was also observed that this community has potential for small hydro, wind and solar energy which can be integrated to meet the present and future energy needs of this are be integrated to meet the present and future energy needs of this are be integrated to meet the present and future energy needs of this are be integrated to meet the present and future energy needs of this area in a cost effective and sustainable manner. The a in a cost effective and sustainable manner. The a in a cost effective and sustainable manner. The a in a cost effective and sustainable manner. The paper reports the results of electrical load demand and forecast for Elebu rural community located in Kwara State, paper reports the results of electrical load demand and forecast for Elebu rural community located in Kwara State, paper reports the results of electrical load demand and forecast for Elebu rural community located in Kwara State, paper reports the results of electrical load demand and forecast for Elebu rural community located in Kwara State, Nigeria. The expected peak load in first year of operation was estimated as 40.18kW which w Nigeria. The expected peak load in first year of operation was estimated as 40.18kW which w Nigeria. The expected peak load in first year of operation was estimated as 40.18kW which w Nigeria. The expected peak load in first year of operation was estimated as 40.18kW which will increase every year. ill increase every year. ill increase every year. ill increase every year. The maximum estimated demand at the end of tenth year is about 57 kW. This simply means that The maximum estimated demand at the end of tenth year is about 57 kW. This simply means that The maximum estimated demand at the end of tenth year is about 57 kW. This simply means that The ma...
This paper presents the design of a cost effective energy system for National Centre for Hydropower Research and Development (NACHRED) building to supply its daily energy requirements. The daily hourly load demand of the building was measured with FLUKE 434 Series II Energy Analyzer. The measurement was grouped into two namely: category 1 and category 2. In category 1, the essential electrical load demand excluding air conditioner system was measured for 3 consecutive days while in category 2 the total daily load demand including air conditioner system was also measured for three consecutive days. HOMER pro3.2 was used to size and simulate photovoltaic system required for the two categories. The system in category 1 with the load of an average consumption of 36.34kWh/d, is considered as a cost effective system for the building, as compared to one in category 2 with the load of an average consumption of 198.1kWh/d.
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