Background Diabetes is a significant global public health issue that necessitates self-management. However, this is difficult to put into practice and requires a new approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a physical activity promotion program on adherence to recommended physical activity and lessons to improve self-management. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2021 at North Shoa Zone Public Hospital. The study enrolled 216 type II diabetic patients from four public hospitals. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data were presented as means of standard deviations for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Intervention and control groups were compared before and after intervention using independent t-tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests. Results A total of 216 type II diabetics participated in this study. Physical activity promotion programs increased adherence to the recommended number of days and duration (spending time) of physical activity (p < 0.0001). Participants who engaged in the physical activity promotion program significantly increased the mean scores for exercising moderate-intensity activities and spending time (p < 0.05), walking for at least 10 min continuously and spending time (p < 0.05), exercising moderate-intensity recreational activities and spending time (p < 0.05).There was a significant reduction in mean fasting blood glucose after participating in a physical activity program (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that a physical activity promotion program makes a significant difference in patient compliance with recommended physical activity and effectively improves patient glycemic control. Health care providers should integrate physical activity programs into existing systems as a common therapeutic service. Primary care platforms such as health posts and health centers can play a key role in integrating health promotion programs to improve self-management behaviors.

Background Although a good level of illness perception affects medication adherence, the impact of illness perception on medication adherence is still little known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between illness perception and medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus type II in North Shoa, Zon Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 24 May to 25 June 2022 in the North Shoa zone. The study involved 552 diabetic patients who were chosen at random from four public hospitals. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data for continuous variables were reported as means of standard deviations and percentages for categorical variables. Descriptive statistic was used to summarize study variables. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations between illness perception and medication adherence. In a bivariable analysis, variables with p-values less than 0.20 were put into a multivariable logistic regression model. A p-value ≤ 0.05 and an OR with a 95% CI are considered statistically significant associations. Results The result showed adherence to medication and illness perception was 64.4% (95%; CI: 60.1, 67.9) and 54.7% (95% CI: 41.2, 49.4), respectively. The study found that illness perception showed a significant relationship between illness perception and medication Adherence (p < 0.0001. In the adjusted model, illness dimension of consequence (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.11, 4.55), personal control (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.61), and emotional representation of diabetes (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.54, 3.32) were significantly related to medication Adherence of type II diabetic patients. Conclusion This recent study shows that illness perception has a significant relationship with medication adherence and can lead to significant changes in medication practice. When discussing diabetic self-management, diabetes care practitioners should take into account patients' illness beliefs using psycho-educational approaches

Background The cornerstone of managing diabetes is diabetic self-care behaviors, however many people with diabetes do not engage in enough of these actions. Effective stress management behaviors have a positive effect on diabetes self-care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetic self-care behaviors and stress-coping behaviors in patients with type II diabetes.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in the North Shoa zone from February 24 to March 25, 2022. The study involved 432 types II diabetic patients who were chosen at random from eight public hospitals. Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data for continuous variables were reported as means of standard deviations and percentages for categorical variables. Descriptive statistic was used to summarize study variables. Binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sociodemographic variables, stress-coping behaviors, and self-care behaviors. In a bivariable analysis, variables with p-values less than 0.20 were put into a multivariable logistic regression model. A p-value ≤ 0.05 and an OR with a 95% CI are considered statistically significant associations.Result A total of 432 patients with type II diabetes participated with a response rate of 98%. Stress-coping behavior was observed in nearly half of the patients (51.2; 95% CI; (46.5, 55.6). The study found that stress management behavior was associated with diabetes self-care (X2, 17.7; p0.0001). Patients with good stress management behavior (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = (1.3, 3.0)), good perception (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = (1.5, 3.4)), and family support (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI = (1.5, 3.6)) were more likely to conduct diabetes self-care.Conclusion This study shows that stress management behaviors and coping techniques are associated with self-care behavior and lead to significant improvements in diabetes self-care practices. Stress management and coping skills should be included in current systems as a common therapeutic service/treatment and diabetes care practitioners should consider these factors when discussing diabetes self-management during consultations.

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Background: Pain is one of the most common compliant and cause of distress in the perioperative period. The postoperative pain after cesarean section is believed to be of mild to moderate intensity lasting for up to 72 hours. Apart from patient preferences, number of factors affect choices of analgesia in a resource limited setting like Ethiopia. Availability of resources, a trained man power and inter-individual variation in pain threshold were among a factor affecting analgesia choices. Thus, this study aims to compare TAP block versus II/IH block for post cesarean delivery analgesia in resource limited areas where ultrasound guided block is not practiced.Method: A randomized controlled trial study were conducted in Dilla University teaching and referral Hospital found in southern Ethiopia. A pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section was randomized to either TAP block (n = 36) or II/IH block (n = 36) for postoperative pain management. Sample size were calculated using a G-power version 3.1.9.2 getting a total of 72 participants. Pain severity, total tramadol consumption and time to first analgesia request were asses’ during the first 72 hour postoperatively. Many Whitney U-test and independent t-test were used based on distribution of data. A Kaplan Meier analysis was to asses’ proportion of patients who did not require analgesia for 48hour follow up period.Result: The cumulative median tramadol consumption over 48hour were 100 mg for TAP group and 150 mg for II/IH (p = 0.018). The median tramadol consumption at 24hr. and 36 hr. were also lower in TAP group compared to II-IH (P < 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between groups regarding time to first analgesia request (p > 0.05). The median pain score at 36hr. and 48hr. were lower in TAP group (3 and 4) compared to II-IH group (4 and 6) respectively (p < 0.05). There is no statistically significant difference between groups regarding the postoperative side effects and complication.Conclusion: Both II-IH and TAP block has comparable analgesic efficacy during the first 24hr. TAP block has a longer analgesic effectiveness compared to II-IH with an effect lasting for 48hr.