PurposeOral frailty or the loss of oral functionality can be a symptomatic precursor of overall frailty. Previous studies have suggested that decreased tongue pressure causes a decline in ingesting and swallowing function and poor nutrition. This study investigated what factor(s) contribute to tongue pressure, thereby leading to frailty.Patients and methodsFor the purposes of the present study, 467 residents of Hirosaki city in northern Japan aged≥60 years who completed a questionnaire about frailty and underwent an intraoral assessment, which included number of teeth, presence or absence of periodontitis, tongue pressure, and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) were recruited.ResultsOf the 467 participants with complete data sets, frailty was identified in 13 (7.5%) of 173 males and in 34 (11.6%) of 294 females. Significantly fewer teeth, lower tongue pressure, and a reduced diadochokinetic syllable rate were more prevalent among frail than among healthy residents. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, number of teeth, and tongue pressure significantly contributed to frailty, whereas ODK did not. Multiple regression analysis showed that tongue pressure was positively associated with muscle index and number of teeth.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that fewer teeth and lower tongue pressure, but not ODK function, are risk factors for developing overall frailty among older residents.

PurposePrevention, early detection and effective rehabilitation of dysphagia are important issues to be considered in an aging society. Previous studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the association between dysphagia and its potential risk factors, including age, malnutrition, oral conditions, lifestyle and medical history. Herein, we assessed the prevalence and association of dysphagia with potential risk factors in 50- to 79-year-old adults dwelling in a community in Japan.Patients and methodsIn this study, there were 532 participants (185 males and 347 females). Participants who responded positively to the question “Do you sometimes choke on drinks/food such as tea and soup?” or those who presented with abnormal repetitive saliva swallowing test findings were diagnosed with dysphagia. The data collected from these participants included the following: number of teeth, occurrence of oral dryness, age, body mass index, serum albumin concentration, smoking, drinking and exercise habits, presence of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and questions from the Mini–Mental State Examination.ResultsDysphagia was observed in 33 males (17.8%) and 76 females (21.9%). To explore the effect of the potential risk factors on the prevalence of dysphagia, a model was built by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Using the forced entry method, oral dryness (odds ratio [OR] =3.683 and P=0.003 in males; OR =1.797 and P=0.032 in females) and the number of teeth (OR =0.946 and P=0.038 in males) were found to be significantly related to dysphagia.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study demonstrated associations between oral conditions and dysphagia. Factors such as oral dryness and number of teeth may contribute to dysphagia more so than aging, lifestyle and comorbidity in community-dwelling adults over the age of 50.

PurposeDecline in the number of teeth and physical fitness begins from 40 years of age; however, several epidemiological studies have identified relationships between oral conditions and physical performance parameters in community-dwelling elderly population. The aim of this study was to validate the relationship between the muscle mass and its function and oral conditions (number of teeth and dental occlusion) after 40 years of age in a community-dwelling population in Japan.Materials and methodsThe subjects comprised of 552 volunteers (198 males and 354 females, 40–79 years) who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2013. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with the measures of the muscle mass and its function as objective variables and the measures of the number of teeth, age, body mass index, medical history, serum albumin concentration, smoking status, habitual alcohol intake, marital status, education levels, and exercising habits as explanatory variables. The relationships between the Eichner index and the muscle mass and its function were analyzed using analysis of covariance, with adjustment for confounding factors.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, the number of teeth was shown to be an independent risk factor for the timed 10 m walk test (in females) and the skeletal muscle mass of the whole body (in males). The results also revealed that the timed 10 m walk test was significantly correlated with the Eichner index (Classes A and C in females were correlated).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study on a Japanese community-dwelling population revealed relationships between oral conditions and the muscle mass and its function. However, the interpretation of our results was hampered by a lack of data, including those on socioeconomic status and longitudinal observations. Future research exploring teeth loss and the muscle mass and its function is warranted.

Oral-maxillofacial trauma in the geriatric population shows characteristic features in terms of aetiology, patterns and treatment modalities.

Aims: To compare the clinical characteristics of sialolithiasis between pediatric and adult patients. Settings and Design: Subject characteristics, clinical manifestations, salivary calculi characteristics, and treatment modalities and outcomes from medical records were retrospectively compared between pediatric and adult patients with sialolithiasis visiting the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hirosaki University Hospital, between 2005 and 2014. Subjects: We included 5 pediatric (all boys) and 45 adult (20 men; 25 women) patients. Results: Most patients had submandibular swelling. The calculi were located on the right in 100.0% of pediatric patients and 57.8% of adult patients. Moreover, 20.0% of pediatric patients and 35.6% of adult patients exhibited sialoliths in the glands. Calculi were <5 mm in size in 100.0% of pediatric patients and 33.3% of adult patients. Pediatric sialolithiasis treatment included intraoral retrieval under local anesthesia in 4 cases (80.0%) and spontaneous expulsion from the duct in 1 case (20.0%). Adult sialolithiasis treatment included gland resection under general anesthesia in 8 cases (17.8%), intraoral retrieval under general anesthesia in 6 cases (13.3%), intraoral retrieval under local anesthesia in 19 cases (42.2%), spontaneous expulsion in 6 cases (13.3%), and follow‐up only in 6 cases (13.3%). Conclusions: A large number of relatively small and distal sialoliths in pediatric patients was removed using intraoral retrieval under local anesthesia. This difference in the choice of treatment between pediatric and adult sialolithiasis may be attributed to the size and palpability of the calculi.

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