Nineteen per cent of synchronous cancers were not detected until the initial ESD. The incidence rate of metachronous cancer after ESD was constant. Scheduled endoscopic surveillance showed that almost all recurrent lesions were treatable by endoscopic resection.

Esophageal ESD has become feasible with acceptable complication risks and favorable long term outcomes.

The incidence of pneumonia, but not perforation and bleeding, after ESD, is high in older patients (≥75years). Special care should be taken with older patients undergoing ESD to minimize the risk of postoperative pneumonia.

In this large-scale, multicenter cross-sectional study, over 40% of the noninvasive gastric neoplasia specimens were determined to have adenocarcinoma, and the ESD-related complication rate was relatively low. Therefore, ESD was useful and may be a therapeutic option for gastric NIN.

No abstract