Previously, dialysate contained small amounts of acetate as an alkaline buffer. Recently, acetate-free dialysate (A[-]D) has been available. We evaluated the clinical effect of A(-)D over acetate-containing dialysate (A(+)D) on acid-base balance, anemia, and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Twenty-nine patients on MHD were treated with A(+)D for 4 months (first A(+)D), switched to A(-)D for 4 months, and returned to A(+)D for the next 4-month period (second A(+)D). Metabolic acidosis: Serum bicarbonate (HCO3(-) ) levels did not change in patients with normal HCO3(-) levels (≥20 mEq/L) throughout the study. Meanwhile, in patients with initially low HCO3(-) levels, it was significantly increased during the A(-)D period only. Anemia: In patients with target hemoglobin (Hb) ≥10 g/dL, Hb levels were maintained during the study period, even if the dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) decreased. In patients with low Hb levels, it was significantly increased in the A(-)D period without increasing ESA or iron doses. Nutritional Condition: In patients with normal albumin levels (≥3.8 g/dL), albumin did not change throughout the study period. However, in patients with lower albumin levels, it was significantly increased during the A(-)D period. These improvements in metabolic acidosis, anemia, and nutrition in the A(-)D period completely dissipated during the second A(+)D period. Hemodialysis (HD) with A(-)D may improve a patient's clinical status with intractable metabolic acidosis, hyporesponsiveness to ESA, and malnutrition that were not normalized in HD with A(+)D.
Many maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients have recently been treated with high flux (HF) dialysis membranes such as polysulfone (PSu) membranes. However, the appropriateness of HF for elderly MHD remains to be elucidated. In order to estimate hemodialysis (HD) efficiency, the hemodynamic condition during HD, and the nutritional status, 28 elderly MHD patients were treated with PSu for 3 months. After this, the patients were switched to acrylonitrile-co-methallyl sulfonate (AN69) membranes for the next 3 months and then returned to PSu for another 3 months. Reduction ratio of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6) by AN69 was significantly higher than the reduction ratio by PSu. After 3 months with AN69, the serum total protein, albumin, and cholesterol levels significantly increased, and after switching back to PSu, the levels returned to baseline. Furthermore, the frequency of saline used to treat episodes of hypotension during HD significantly decreased in the AN69 period. In elderly MHD patients, it was possible to achieve improvements in both malnutrition and chronic inflammatory conditions with AN69. This suggests that AN69 may be the preferred membrane for elderly MHD, because it stabilizes the hemodynamic condition and demonstrates a higher removal of inflammatory cytokines during HD.
The structure of physalin P, a constituent of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti, was determined to be 5α-hydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydroneophysalin B by spectroscopic study and chemical correlation with a known compound.
Both super-flux PS and AN69 similarly removed hepcidin 20 22, and 25. HD with PS might achieve a high removal ratio of hepcidin by enhanced diffusion performance and an increased clearance of small molecule solutes. On the other hand, AN69 might remove hepcidin by adsorption.
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