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The application of the anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) technique has been tested for obtaining qualitative and quantitative powder diffraction analysis of a multi-component mixture having a relatively complicated chemical composition and containing two elements of nearly the same atomic number. The system selected for analysis consisted of three chemically different mixtures of Cu2S and CaFe204. The differential intensity pattern obtained from the measurements at two energies, 8.955 keV and 8.680 keV, corresponding to 25 eV and 300 eV below the Cu K absorption edge (8.980 keV), enabled the isolation of the Bragg reflections of Cu2S from the calcium ferrite matrix and provided information for the quantitative determination of the Cu2S component. The results indicate that the AXS technique is promising in reducing the unsolved difficulties associated with the conventional X-ray powder diffraction method. The quantitative analysis of Cu2S in industrial copper smelting slags was also carried out by this new method.

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Ho3+ upconversion emission at 543nm (5S2-5I8) is a potential candidate for realizing a red-diode pumped green laser. However, this emission is of three-level system, so that lower doping is needed to achieve lower lasing threshold. A long, low loss single mode fiber is usually adopted for this type of laser to obtain a sufficient pump absorption without much cavity loss [1]. To make a compact device, it is necessary to increase the pump absorption efficiency. Yb has been known as an effective sensitizer for Ho in many crystals when the diode emitting around 980nm is used for excitation [2]. We report effects of host glass composition and Yb sensitizer concentration on the Ho green upconversion emission and the pump power dependence of the excited population density for fiber lasers.