Statistik yang digunakan adalah Chi-Square. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil ada hubungan pola makan dengan kejadian DM (p=0.02 < α=0.05) dan ada hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian DM (p=0.009 < α=0.05). Hasil Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan gaya hidup (pola makan Perubahan struktur masyarakat dari pola agraris ke masyarakat industri banyak memberikan andil terhadap perubahan gaya hidup yang dapat memicu peningkatan Penyakit Tidak Menular, salah satunya adalah Diabetes Melitus (DM). Beberapa diantara gaya hidup tersebut adalah pola makan dan aktivitas fisik. Pola makan tidak sehat dan kurang aktivitas fisik menjadi salah satu pemicu timbulnya DM. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola makan dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian DM di RSU Provinsi NTB tahun 2013.Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik, dari segi waktu bersifat retrospektif study. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien rawat jalan yang terdiagnosa diabetes melitus di Rumah Sakit Umum Provinsi NTB. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 orang, dan tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Ujidan aktivitas fisik) dengan kejadian DM di RSU Provinsi NTB tahun 2013. Sehingga disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan untuk lebih memperhatikan diet pasien DM selama memberikan asuhan keperawatan dan bagi penderita DM untuk mengontrol pola makannya dan memaksimalkan aktifitas fisik.

Background and Aim: Understanding the phenotypic characteristics of indigenous livestock breeds is essential for their utilization and conservation. This study aimed to characterize indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia based on phenotypic traits. Materials and Methods: Data on eight qualitative and 12 quantitative traits were recorded for 250 chickens from six breeds: Black Kedu, Gaga, Merawang, Nunukan, Pelung, and Sentul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance to test the effect of breed on observed traits. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted separately for each chicken breed. Data on quantitative traits were subjected to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, which was computed to test the sampling adequacy and the pattern of correlation among the traits, and Bathlett's tests were used to assess the validity of the factor analysis of each of the datasets and determine whether the partial correlations among traits were small. Results: We found considerable phenotypic variation in both qualitative and quantitative traits among indigenous chicken breeds. Multicolored plumage (96.40%), wild plumage (39.20%), gold feather flick (51.20%), yellow shank (36.80%), single comb (80.80%), red comb (94.80%), red earlobe (77.60%), and orange eyes (61.60%) were the most common features in the indigenous chickens. In addition, breed had a significant effect on all the quantitative traits that were analyzed (p<0.05). There were higher mean values for all quantitative traits for Pelung chickens than other chickens. In addition, the overall mean values for all quantitative traits in Merawang chicken were intermediate between Pelung chickens and Black Kedu, Gaga, and Nunukan chickens. The PCA showed two principal factors extracted that accounted for 77.80% and 78.38% of the total variance in the original variables for males and females, respectively. Conclusion: In general, body weight and body measurements, except wattle length, were loaded in PC1 as the primary factors responsible for the variation. The phenotypic variation observed in indigenous chickens in Indonesia could provide valuable basic information for the design of selection and genetic improvement programs.

Thailand is a tropical country affected by global climate change and has high temperatures and humidity that cause heat stress in livestock. A temperature–humidity index (THI) is required to assess and evaluate heat stress levels in livestock. One of the livestock types in Thailand experiencing heat stress due to extreme climate change is crossbred dairy cattle. Genetic evaluations of heat tolerance in dairy cattle have been carried out for reproductive traits. Heritability values for reproductive traits are generally low (<0.10) because environmental factors heavily influence them. Consequently, genetic improvement for these traits would be slow compared to production traits. Positive and negative genetic correlations were found between reproductive traits and reproductive traits and yield traits. Several selection methods for reproductive traits have been introduced, i.e., the traditional method, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and genomic selection (GS). GS is the most promising technique and provides accurate results with a high genetic gain. Single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) has higher accuracy than the multi-step equivalent for fertility traits or low-heritability traits.

The objective of study was to estimate breeding value of sires of Kebumen Ongole grade cattle based on offsprings weaning weight. This research was carried out from August to December 2015 in Urut Sewu area, Kebumen. The calculation of genetic parameter estimation was heritability of weaning weight. The value of heritability was used to calculate the breeding value of sires based on offsprings weaning weight. Heritability was calculated using paternal half-sib correlation with the direct pattern variance analysis. Breeding Value (BV) of sire was calculated by absolute estimated breeding value. The materials used in this study included were data record during the last three years (2013-2015) consisted of 41 sires, 51 dams and 244 calves. Weaning weight data had been corrected based on age of dams, sex and weaning age of 120 days. The results showed that the heritability value of weaning weight was included in high category (0.36 ± 0.21). The highest BV was KJ.J608 (49.76) with a ratio of 231.45%. The results of this study were expected to be the basis recommendation for selecting sires in Kebumen.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan model matematika non-linear dalam memprediksi umur dan bobot saat pubertas sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO). Data yang digunakan berupa catatan bobot badan (768) ABSTRACTThis research is aimed to evaluate the nonlinear mathematical model in predicting the age and weight of Kebumen Ongole Grade (PO) cattle at puberty. The data used in this research was weight recordings of (768) PO cattle, ranging from calf (< 1 month) to adult (60 months), collected by Kebumen PO cattle Breeder Association (ASPOKEB) from 2013 to 2015. These cattle were reared by a group of farmers located in six sub-districts: Mirit, Lembu Purwo, Ambal, Puring, Petanahan, and Klirong in Kebumen district, Jawa Tengah Province. Brody, Bertalanfy, Logistic and Gompertz mathematical models were used to analyze the data. The analysis showed that the R 2 of the four models classify high in the category (R 2 >0.70). Mature weight (A) of PO cattle predicted by Logistic (349 kg) and Gompertz (358 kg) were most appropriate. Out of the four models, the Logistic model was the most accurate in predicting the weight at puberty (174 kg) of PO cattle, but all observed cattle are still in the follicular phase.

Keberadaan vegetasi pohon di suatu wilayah dapat berdampak positif bagi keseimbangan ekosistem di sekitarnya. Manfaat pohon selain bisa mengurangi limpasan dan erosi laju air hujan, akar pohon dapat meningkatkan kualitas kuantitas airtanah melalui kemampuannya mengikat air. Sumber daya air di Indonesia terutama di Malang Raya Jawa Timur begitu melimpah, namun memiliki ancaman kelangkaan air bersih sebagai konsekuensi dari kemajuan dan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang menuntut adanya perubahan fungsi penggunaan lahan. Alih fungsi tata guna lahan dengan membangun pemukiman dan pengembangan pariwisata di sekitar sumber mata air sudah banyak terjadi di Malang Raya, yang tentunya berdampak pada berkurangnya daya serap tanah. Area sekitar mata air merupakan kawasan konservasi yang berfungsi sebagai habitat vegetasi pohon tumbuh. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan pengamatan struktur komposisi pohon yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter pohon area sekitar sumber mata air di Malang Raya Jawa Timur. Metode plot digunakan untuk mengambil data, dengan membagi area menjadi empat stasiun. Setiap stasiun penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga titik plot hingga total 12 plot dalam satu lokasi penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara jelajah bebas dimulai dari tepi mata air hingga jarak maksimum ±50m mengelilingi titik mata air. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah struktur vegetasi pohon yang menjadi penciri berdasarkan INP yang bervariasi pada tiap lokasi pengamatan, yakni karakter vegetasi (Myrta-Moraceae) di Petirtaan Yai Beji Sari; (Meliaceae) di Sumber Sira; (Areca-Meliaceae) di Sumber Wendit; (Melia-Poaceae) di Sumber Waras; dan (Araucariaceae) di Sumber Cangar.

The research was intended to Proving short-term physical exercise lowers blood glucose on patients with diabetes mellitus. Proving long-term physical exercise lowers blood glucose on patients with diabetes mellitus. Proving long-term physical exercise further lowers blood glucose compared to shortterm physical exercise on patients with diabetes mellitus. From the discussion described earlier, the following conclusions can be drawn included (1) Light intensity physical exercise for 20 minutes can reduce blood glucose in diabetes mellitus patients immediately after exercise and 1 hour after exercise. (2) 10 minutes of moderate intensity physical exercise can reduce blood glucose immediately after 10 minutes of exercise and 1 hour after exercise. (3) There is no difference in blood glucose reduction in 20 minutes duration light exercise with 10 minutes duration exercise in people with diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this study was to observed the potential use of coconut water + 20% egg yolk (CW) as an alternative diluent to replace Andromed®, on semen motility of Belgian Blue (BB) cattle. The sample were fresh semen collected from 3 years old BB using artificial vagina. The fresh semen was diluted into Andromed® diluent (P1) and coconut water + 20% egg yolk (P2). The semen motility (%) was observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after dilution and then compared between group using t-test. The result showed that Andromed® found to give better motility compared to CW in all observation time. The average of semen motility (%) in accordance with observation time in group P1 was 77,67±2,51, 74,67±2,51, 72,33±2,51, 70,67±1,54, 69,33±1,54, 66,33±2,88 and 63,33±2,88%, respectively. Meanwhile, in P2 was 71,67±2,89, 65,00±5,00, 60,00±5,00, 58,33±2,89, 46,67±7,64, 41,67±7,64 and 26,67±7,64 % respectively. In conclusion, coconut water + 20% egg yolk could be replace the function of Andromed as diluent for AI using liquid semen with maximum storage time no more than 24 hours.