Prospective observational study conducted in Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chennai. 65 stable COPD (In patients and out patients) were recruited in this study which was appropriate by Institutional Human Ethical Committee. The selected patients were subjected to Spirometry, ECG, Echocardiography.Data was analysed by using appropriate statistical methods. Our study, included a total of 55 stable COPD patients between the age group of 40 to 70 years with the mean age of 55.01. There was a Male predominance of 63.6% with M: F ratio of 1.7:1. Based on the GOLD severity grading, 18.2%, 30.9%, 50.9% belongs to Mild, Moderate & Severe COPD respectively. 58.1% were smoker among which 14.5% had pack years of < 20 pack year and 43.6% had > 20 pack years of smoking. Majority of smokers with pack years of less than 20 had mild COPD. However majority of Smokers with >20 pack year majority belonged to severe (32.7%) group followed by 10.9% in moderate group. Among Non smoker (9.09%), 7.27% and 1.81% were in mild and moderate group respectively. The prevalence of Cardiac abnormality in the study group was analysed with ECG and Echocardiography. ECG abnormalities observed were as follows: P Pulmonale (43.6%), Right Axis Deviation (41.8%), Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (40%), Low voltage QRS complex (36.3%), Poor R wave progression (30.9%), T wave inversion (27.3 %) and Right Bundle Branch Block(20%).Echocardiographic changes observed were as follows: RA & RV dilatation (50.9%), Tricuspid regurgitation (47.3%), RWMA (10.9%) and LV dysfunction (7.3%). The normal pulmonary artery systolic pressure was observed in 21.8% patients. 16.3 %, 43.6% and 18.2 % were observed in Mild, Moderate and severe PAP respectively.
The meta analysis of 23 preliminaries covering 3395 patients reasoned that the consumption of α-2 adrenergic agonists moderated myocardial and mortality localized necrosis subsequent vascular medical procedure and that during cardiovascular medical procedure, a decrease in ischemia changed into found that would also have results on myocardial mortality and dead tissue. An infusion of dexmedetomidine at zero.4 μg.Kg-1 per hour at some point of cardiac surgery and reduced to zero.2 mg.Kg-1 in keeping with our within the ICU seems to lessen the time to exhumation and reduction the length of live in the ICU. The patients in institution 1 acquired zero.75% Ropivacaine + 1 mcg/kg Clonidine with a total extent of 20 ml and Group 2 received zero.75% Ropivacaine + 1 mcg/kg Dexmeditomidine with a complete quantity of 20 ml. Parameters determined had been time of onset of sensory block and motor block, duration of motor blockade, and sensory blockade, period of analgesia, sedation score and facet consequences. This study indicates that addition of dexmeditomidine to ropivacaine, while in comparison to Clonidine to Ropivacine, confirmed statistically considerable distinction in the onset of sensory and motor blockade among Ropivacaine with clonidine and Ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine.Duration of motor block is likewise prolonged with ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine institution as associated to Ropivacaine and clonidine. Side consequences of shivering and nausea were visible lesser with ropivacaine and dexmeditomidine.
Inflammation and arthritis are interrelated conditions that are caused by each other. This disorder majorly occurs in elderly patients. It is a major problem in the world that affects the joints and causes inflammation in the joints causing pain and tenderness in the joints. This is mainly triggered by the inflammation caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system of the own body. This disease leads to severe damage to the cartilage of the joints in the body. This will lead to the ankylosing of the joints and resulting in the pain of the joints. There are few other diseases like inflammation of the pleural cavities, scleritis and other lesions that are usually seen in the cutaneous, subcutaneous tissue. Overall, it is a problem in the immune system of the body. The researchers now had concentrated on the utilization of the herbs and medicinal plants to treat arthritis effectively. They are found to be safe and effective compared to the synthetic immune suppressant drugs. They are also the cheapest sources of drugs. So the herbs had been investigated for the production of the newer molecules that treat arthritis effectively and relatively safer with that of the existing drugs. The plant extract of the stem bark of the plant Berberis orthobotrys was collected and extracted using ethanol. This was used to prepare oil formulation, and this was investigated for the anti-arthritic activity. The oil formulation showed a better activity compared to the extract and compared to the standard.
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