ABSTRACT:The phytochemical, proximate and mineral content of leaf and bark of Njangsa (Ricinodendron Heudelotii) plant were analysed, using standard procedures described by Harbone, 1973, Sofowora, 1993Trease and Evans, 1989 and Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) Official method, 1990; 1984 respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, terpernoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugars and saponins found only for the plant bark. The result of proximate analysis showed that the leaf and bark of the extract contain respectively: moisture content (25.80% and 10%), protein (17.47% and 3.73%), crude fat(1.80% and 2.00%) ash (11.00% and 10.95%), crude fibre (41.00% and 20.50%) carbohydrate (2.93% and 52.82%).The mineral analysis of the plant leaf and bark respectively yielded calcium -2640.00 mg/kg and 1772 mg/kg, magnesium -2383 mg/kg and 1605 mg/kg, iron -25.00 mg/kg and 6.6 mg/kg, zinc -29.30 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg, copper -14.60 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg and phosphorus -1012 mg/kg and 305 mg/kg. Manganese was absent in the bark but yielded 1.1 mg/kg in the leaf. Sodium and potassium were found to be absent in the leaf and bark. The presence of some phytochemicals (flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, tannins and terpernoids) and some essential minerals suggest that it is a potential source of medicine and food. © JASEM http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i3.5
This study evaluates the elemental and proximate composition of Shea butter sold in Swali market Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis was carried out using standard method of AOAC ( 2005) while elemental analysis was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Flame photometer.
The chemical and biological profiling of the methanolic extract of the floral part of Costus lucanisianus have been carried out. The floral part was collected from Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. The floral part was air dried, grinded and extracted at room temperature in methanol. The methanol extract mixture was then concentrated under pressure. The concentrated extract, MCL was subjected to quantitative phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial profiling. The result of the quantitative analysis showed the presence of phenols (14.853±0.350), tannins (6.638±0.051), alkaloids (3.72±0.02), flavonoids (59.444±0.000) and saponins (2.93±0.06). The antioxidant activity increases as the concentration of the methanolic extract increases. Biologically, the floral part has shown activities against the following strains of microbes: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albican, Klebsiela pneumonia, and Fusarium spp. with the highest activity observed against Staphylococcus aureus. The least antimicrobial activity was observed for Escherichia coli. The present study has established the phytoconstitution, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Aim: The physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of Aleto stream were investigated to determine its status.Research Design: Samples were collected randomly from four points; upstream, outfall, downstream of Aleto stream with Agbonchia stream serving as control. Methodology: The physico-chemical parameters: temperature, pH, EC, turbidity, TSS, TDS, total hardness, calcium hardness, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, COD, BOD, DO, color, odor and taste were determined using standard methods. Heavy metal levels were determined using AAS.Results: The physico-chemical characteristics revealed range values of EC (5400-5600 µs/cm), turbidity (39-90NTU), TDS (2780-3020 mg/L), Total Hardness (550-600 mg/L), calcium hardness (500-550 mg/L), chloride (1798-2043 mg/L), COD (50-115 mg/L), BOD (12-23 mg/L) and DO (12-15 mg/L) were above WHO permissible limits for upstream, outfall and downstream while alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, and temperature ranges of 22-23 mg/L, 3.7-4.7 mg/L, 0.6 -1.9 mg/L and 26-26.3OC respectively were within maximum allowable limit of WHO. The pH was slightly alkaline for Aleto Stream. Color and taste for the water samples were above recommended limits. The heavy metal levels were Fe: 0.488, 0.499, 0.499 and 0.142; Zn: 0.094, 0.094, 0.095 and 0.061; Cd: 0.055, 0.053, 0.051 and 0.022; Pd: 0.358, 0.386, 0.419 and 0.110; Cr: 0.131, 0.141, 0.152 and 0.018; As: <0.01, <0.01. <0.01 and <0.01 for downstream, upstream, outfall and control samples respectively. The result suggests that there is significant difference in the mean values of the parameters in the water sources considered. Conclusion: Thus, regular surveillance should be carried out on the stream to detect any alteration in the water quality in order to avert any outbreak of health disorders.
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