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Introduction: The use of antibiotics for the promotion of animal growth and traditional therapy culminate the development of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms and their posterior transmission to humans through food. The presence of Pseudomonas species in aquatic environments facilitate their dissemination and further exposure to antimicrobial agents through wash down from abattoir may lead to multi-drug resistance, thereby causing serious public health problems. Aim: This study was designed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas species in an abattoir wastewater in Ibadan, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Wastewater samples were collected from the slaughters slab and drainage for 6 weeks between May-June, 2015. Pseudomonas species were isolated using Pseudomonas Centrimide Agar. The isolates were identified using standard microbiological tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test against 10 antibiotics using disc diffusion technique was done.

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Transmission of nosocomial infections becomes debilitating when caused by multiple antibiotics resistant bacteria such as Pseudomonas species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, notorious for both opportunistic and original infections, has multiple drug resistant (MDR) characteristics and thus a persistent threat to public health. This study was therefore carried out to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas species isolated from the wastewater samples of a specialized private hospital. Wastewater samples were collected from four different points within and outside the hospital environment; namely, theater, laboratory, drainage and the receiving river. Isolation of Pseudomonas species was performed using the standard pour plate method. The isolates were identified using standard biochemical and sugar fermentation tests while the antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. A total of 97 strains of Pseudomonas species were isolated comprising 44 (45.4%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 41 (42.2%) P. fluorescens and 12 (12.3%) other Pseudomonas species. While all the isolates were resistant to piperacillin, 96 (99%) of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 93 (95.9%) to nitrofurantoin and 92 (94.8%) were resistant to aztreonam with cumulative total resistance of 4.1%. This study showed that antibiotics resistant Pseudomonas strains were present in hospital wastewater. Therefore, Federal/State Hospital Management Board and other regulatory government agencies should ensure that hospital effluents are properly treated before its disposal into the environment.

Feco-orally transmitted infectious diseases are common in Nigeria where the potable water access is poor. In the south-western Nigerian Ibadan metropolis, supply of municipal water is meagre as residents depend on household wells and boreholes. The likelihood of fecal contamination of household water sources in Ibadan was examined longitudinally to quantify and understand its impact. Well and borehole water samples aseptically collected from 96 households in Ibadan were assessed for total heterotrophic counts (THCs), total coliform counts (TCCs) and total Escherichia coli counts (TECs) using a pour plate technique. E. coli were identified by uidA and whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, whereas virulence factors were predicted using VirulenceFinder. There was season-independent abundance of THC and TCC in the well and borehole with a significant recovery of E. coli in the wells during the wet season compared to the dry season (P=0.0001). Virulence genes associated with pathogenic E. coli were identified in 13 (52%) strains with one E. coli each classified as extra-intestinal E. coli, avian pathogenic E. coli and enteroaggregative E. coli. High heterotrophic and coliform counts, with rainfall-driven E. coli contamination revealed that the water sources evaluated in this study are unfit for consumption.