Purpose: The present study compared the effects of 2 different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols on arterial stiffness, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers in hypertensive patients. Methods: Thirty hypertensive (stage 1) patients, aged 48.0 ± 3.2 yr, were randomly allocated to the short-duration HIIT (SDHIIT, n = 10), long-duration HIIT (LDHIIT, n = 10), and control (n = 10) groups. After a 2-wk preparatory phase of continuous mild training, patients in the SDHIIT group performed 8 wk of HIIT including 27 repetitions of 30-sec activity at 80% to 100% of JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201901000-00009/9FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074646Z/r/image-gif o 2peak interspersed with 30-sec passive/active (10%-20% of JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201901000-00009/9FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074646Z/r/image-gif o 2peak) recovery. Patients in the LDHIIT group performed 8 wk of HIIT, 32 min/session including 4 repetitions of 4-min activity at 75% to 90% of JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201901000-00009/9FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074646Z/r/image-gif o 2peak interspersed with 4-min passive/active (15%-30% of JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201901000-00009/9FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074646Z/r/image-gif o 2peak) recovery. Blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles were measured before and after training. Results: Significant (P < .05) reductions in systolic blood pressure and PWV were found following 2 training protocols, though, only the changes in PWV following the SDHIIT were significantly different than those in the LDHIIT and control groups. Interleukin-6 and triglycerides decreased and interleukin-10 increased significantly (P < .01) following both HIIT programs, whereas the differences between the 2 training protocols were not statistically significant. C-reactive protein and lipids did not change significantly following HIIT. Conclusions: Performing HIIT improves systolic blood pressure and inflammatory markers in patients with stage 1 hypertension irrespective of the HIIT intensity and duration, and PWV improvement is intensity related.

The effects of recent Covid-19 pandemic on this planet must be viewed with a wise eye and we should learn that human beings are interconnected chains, and that ignoring the laws of existence will undoubtedly continue with reflections similar to the way we are today. Although the community of heart surgeons is not at the forefront of the treatment of this epidemic, they are ready to rush to the aid of other colleagues if necessary. The aim of preparing this protocol is to prioritize cardiac surgery procedures, maintain blood and blood product reserves and provide the appropriate care for patients while taking precautions for the safety of medical staff. The general recommendation in this first version of protocol is to postpone all elective cardiac surgeries and perform emergent and urgent cases according to suggested personal protection strategies for Covid-19.

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Background and objective: Physical activity (PA) is a multi-factorial behavior that is affected by intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental and social factors. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of PA among patients with cardiovascular (CV) metabolic risk factors based on the educational factors of PRECEDE Model. Materials and methods: This mix method study (qualitative and quantitative) was conducted in two consecutive phases. In the qualitative phase, the experiences of 50 patients with CV metabolic risk factors and 12 healthcare providers who worked in the Diabetes Units of Health Centers of Alborz University of Medical Sciences (ABZUMS) were explained based on the educational factors of PRECEDE Model. In the quantitative phase, the questionnaire of determinants of PA was developed and its validity and reliability were evaluated and confirmed and it was completed by 450 patients and the strongest determinants of PA using the Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS 18 were identified. Results: Using path analysis the findings showed, self-efficacy (β= 0.90) and perceived barriers (β= -0.63) determinants of predisposing category, skill (β= 0.38) determinant of enabling category, motivation comply (β= 0.47), social support (β= 0.23) and behavioral outcomes (β= 0.17) determinants of reinforcing category were higher predictive power and they were significant. Conclusion:The determinants mentioned should be targeted in designing an intervention program for promoting PA. Identifying the determinants of PA helps health planners to select the most appropriate methods and applications to address these determinants in order to increase the PA behavior. Paper Type: Research Article. ‫بدنی‬ ‫فعالیت‬ ‫های‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫تعیین‬ ‫موانع‬ ‫و‬ )β=0/90( ‫خودکارآمدی‬ ‫های‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫تعیین‬ ‫داد‬ ‫نشان‬ ‫مسیر‬ ‫تحلیل‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫با‬ ‫ها:‬ ‫یافته‬ ‫قادرکننده‬ ‫طبقه‬ ‫از‬ )β= 0/38( ‫مسیر‬ ‫ضریب‬ ‫با‬ ‫مهارت‬ ‫کننده،‬ ‫مستعد‬ ‫طبقه‬ ‫از‬ )β=-0/63( ‫شده‬ ‫درک‬ ‫پیامد‬ ‫و‬ )β= 0/23( ‫اجتماعی‬ ‫حمایت‬ ،)β= 0/47( ‫مسیر‬ ‫ضریب‬ ‫با‬ ‫اطاعت‬ ‫انگیزش‬ ‫های‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫تعیین‬ ‫و‬ ‫بودند.‬ ‫معنادار‬ ‫و‬ ‫داشتند‬ ‫باالیی‬ ‫پیشگویی‬ ‫قدرت‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫تقویت‬ ‫طبقه‬ ‫از‬ )β= 0/17( ‫رفتاری‬

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has presented unique challenges to healthcare systems the world over. The management of the current pandemic places a huge strain on healthcare sectors and demands new strategies on a global level. We herein review the latest epidemiologic data on the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Iranian healthcare system's response, and the impact on cardiac surgery practice in Iran.

HPH project had been started about three decades ago in Europe with the aim for decreasing in expenditures and implementing effective preventive programs in hospital, however, this project in Iran is new. →What this article adds: The hospitals in East-Azerbaijan-Iran had moderate compliance with HPH program and they need to improve their performance especially in the field of providing healthy workplace and offering proper education and health promoting services to patients after discharge.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, hospitals should assess their internal wards to improve health promotion services using self-assessment tools. To achieve this goal, standards of health promoting hospitals have been developed by the World Health Organization, and measurable elements and indicators have been defined to facilitate the practical application of these standards in planning, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion in hospitals. Moreover, a form has been developed for this self-assessment. Considering linguistic and cultural differences in various countries, standards must be written in equivalent texts and, then, their content and face validity should be examined. Performing this process in a systemic and scientific way can guarantee that the same tools have been used, and thus the results obtained from different hospitals are comparable. Methods: After the preparation phase (considering research aim, obtaining permission from the original designers, and determining the time), the following activities were done: translating the form from its original language to the target language, combining and compiling initial translations to a single translation, reversing the final version of the translation from the target language to the original language, obtaining cognitive information, revising and concluding, and determining the content and face validity of the translated form and final report. After filling in the form, face validity was calculated using impact score formula. Content validity was measured using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Results: After calculating the impact score, all 40 items showed a high impact score greater than 1.5, representing the fact that all items are important. The minimum value of CVR for each of the 40 items was estimated to be 0.64; CVI of all items was greater than 0.79. Conclusion: Given the input of the standards of health promoting hospitals affiliated to the World Health Organization in National Accreditation of Iranian hospitals, the form was translated and found to be valid according to content and face validity and is available in Persian to be used in Iranian hospitals (Appendix 1).

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