Objective To study the prevalence of mental health problems among mothers of preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods In this cross‐sectional two‐arm study, 130 mothers in each group, with either term infants not in NICU or preterm infants admitted to NICU, underwent mental health assessment using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale, Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire and Modified Parental Stress Scale—NICU. Their coping styles and quality of life were also assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM 25.0. Results Anxiety (66.2% versus 46.9%) and depression (45.4% versus 23.1%) were more common among NICU mothers. Regarding subdomains of acute stress reaction, a higher number of NICU mothers showed symptoms of anxiety, re‐experience and functional impairment. For mothers with infants in NICU, sight, sound, and parental role alterations were stressful. They had reduced quality of life scores in domains of physical health, psychological health, and social relationships. Also, a higher number of these mothers exhibited problem‐solving and emotion‐focused coping. Conclusion Preterm birth with NICU admission of the infant is more stressful for a mother than the term birth of a healthy neonate. It affects her mental health and quality of life. Both the obstetrician and the pediatrician should be mindful of this.

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