Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in the body that may impair health. Body mass index is a simple index of weight for height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity among adults. It is defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m 2). The WHO definition of overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25 and the definition of obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30. Overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk factors for global death. At least 2-8 million adults die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. In addition, 44% of the diabetes burden, 23% of the ischemic disease burden and between 7% & 41% of certain cancer burdens are attributable to overweight and obesity. 1 The prevalence of obesity was higher among boys than in among girls and slightly higher in urban areas (12%) than rural areas. 2 Body mass index has been one of the commonest way to determine the transition of a person from normal weight to obesity. It is simple to calculate and to categorize a person as underweight, normal, ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is emerging as a serious problem throughout the world, not only among adults but also children, teenagers and young adults. Medical education is stressful throughout the whole course of training. Overweight and obesity is one of the preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. The social implications of obesity are a major problem that is often neglected. Objectives of current study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in medical students and to assess the factors influencing the development of overweight and obesity. Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study of II nd semester medical students in which, a total of 131 students were included. The study involved administration of a pretested questionnaire to the students and their anthropometric measurements. Results: In a batch of 150 students 131 participated in the study in which 90 (68.70%) were males and 41 (31.30%) were females. The prevalence of overweight was 13 (9.93%) and the prevalence of obesity was 2 (1.53%). Conclusion: The study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the medical students. At the time of anthropometric measurements awareness was created for their weight and for the promotion of physical activity among medical students.

Background: The dynamic cyclical changes in the levels of various hormones during different phases of menstrual cycle are known to affect functioning of different systems of the body, including the respiratory system. Objective of the study was to study the effects of different phases of menstrual cycle on lung functions in young girls of 18-24 years age.Methods: 78 girls who were medical students of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, India were chosen for the study. Their lung function parameters were recorded on Spiro Excel, a computerized spirometer. Four lung function parameters i.e. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC% and PEFR were recorded in the different phases of menstrual cycle i.e. menstrual phase, proliferative phase and secretory phase.Results: All lung function parameters except FEV1/FVC% were least in menstrual phase and highest in secretory phase with in between values in proliferative phase. The values were significantly different among the three phases. FEV1/FVC% values were maximum in menstrual phase, lowest in secretory phase with intermediate values in proliferative phase but the values were not significantly different among the three phases. Mean values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were higher in all the phases of menstrual cycle in normal BMI subjects as compared to the corresponding phases of underweight subjects.Conclusions: Higher values of lung functions during proliferative and secretory phases can be attributed to the higher concentrations of sex hormones specially progesterone because in most of the studies progesterone is known to cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.

A study to assess awareness regarding eye donation among post graduate medical students admitted through NEET pre PG 2014 of Gajra Raja medical college Gwalior, M.P., India Ranjana Tiwari*, Ajit Singh Rajput, Vikas Jain, Manish Goyal, Rakesh Mahore, Sakshi Tiwari INTRODUCTIONVision is the most important sense because it allows interacting freely with the environment and enjoying the beauty of life. Eye is sometimes called the "mirror of soul". It twinkles with humour, sparkles with joy, softens with worry, hardens with anger, and clouds when things go wrong or one loses hope. The eye often reflects physical health. 1 The use of sight is an integral part of early life experience. Most individuals are not consciously aware of the degree to which they depend on it for daily functioning. Once vision becomes significantly limited, it influences the activities of daily living. Even simple tasks become difficult to perform. So eye care is very important to maintain the eye health. The disease of the cornea is one of the major causes of blindness in India for which the vision can be restored by eye donation. Eye donation is an act of donating one's eyes after his/her death. Only corneal blindness can be benefitted through this process no other blinds. It is an act of charity, purely for the benefit of the society and is totally voluntary. 3Corneal blindness contributes 1% of total blindness. 4 Corneal blind can regain vision by keratoplasty and there ABSTRACT Background: According to WHO estimates India has 10 million blind populations. Corneal problems cause a significant proportion of blindness in India. Although effective strategies to prevent corneal blindness are likely to be more cost effective, visual rehabilitation by corneal transplantation remains the major treatment for restoring sight in those who already have corneal blindness. The requirement of donor corneas per year is at least 20 times the current procurement. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude of post graduate medical students regarding eye donation and their willingness to pledge eyes for donation. Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted using a pretested questionnaire on 116 Post graduate Medical Students but only 106 actually participated in the study. Results: A total of 106 students actually participated in the study. Among them 63 (59.43%) were males and 43 (40.57%) were females. The maximum percentages of the students were of age group 26-29 years. All the students were aware regarding eye donation but still they felt it was necessary to obtain consent from family members. Conclusion: These data showed that although the awareness is good but still there is imperative need to emphasize to evade myths concerning eye donation to promote eye donation.

Background: Nerve Conduction Velocities (NCVs) measures electrical changes and speed in the nerve. Objectives of this study were: to compare mean velocities, to find rank of importance of different velocities and to frame equation to classify severely acute malnourished (SAM) children with normal children. Material & Methods: Present case- control study was conducted on 50 SAM children and 50 normal children aged 6 months to 59 months. Independent t test and Discriminant analysis was performed. Standardized discriminant coefficient, canonical correlation and Wilks’ Lambda was calculated and p value was judges at 5% level of significance. Results: NCVs were observed significantly lower among the cases as compared with the controls. Sural Sensory Nerve Velocity holds first position followed by Sensory Nerve Velocity. So, in final discriminant model 3 variables i.e., Sural Sensory Nerve Velocity; Median Sensory Nerve Velocity; Tibial Motor Nerve Velocity were used and 42.1 % of the total variance in the discriminant scores not explained by differences among the groups by the three-variable model. Model is able to classify 82.5% cases correctly. Conclusion: Sural Sensory Nerve Velocity; Median Sensory Nerve Velocity; Tibial Motor Nerve Velocity were found as most important nerve conduction velocities with a good classification ability.

Background: Malnutrition is a public health concern in India. According to NFHS-5, the number of children under 5 years who are stunted (less height-for-age) and underweight (less weight-for-age) in India, are 35.5% and 32.1%, respectively. Many researchers reported that malnutrition affects myelination and neural maturation of the auditory brainstem pathway. Aims and Objectives: In this study, auditory evoked potential (AEP) parameters were studied in severly acute malnutrition (SAM) children of 6 months to <5 years of age. Materials and Methods: Fifty children, with severely malnourished (Their weighted age was 51–60% of the expected weight, and height for age <85% of the expected height) and 50 healthy children (with weight >80% of expected with normal height for their age), aged 6–59 months were included in the study. The parameters of AEPs were recorded using RMS-EMG EP MARK II, a 4-channel machine. Results: In our study, 30 (60%) males and 20 (40%) females had severe acute malnutrition. There were significant differences in the mean latencies of the waves I to V and the mean interpeak latencies (IPLs) of the waves I-III and I-V on the right and left ears between the study and control groups (P<0.05). The mean IPLs of I-III and I-V on the right side were found to be longer in the SAM group than in the control group (P<0.05. While the mean absolute peak latencies of wave, I found prolonged on both ears in the children with SAM (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, severely acute malnourished children showed changes in AEPs characterized by absolute wave prolonged latencies and interpeak intervals compared with normally nourished children.

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