Introduction: Schizophrenia and mood disorders are the chronic debilitating psychiatric disorders having profound personal, social, occupational, and cognitive impairments. Cognitive impairments can hinder treatment seeking behavior leading to chronic and relapsing course of schizophrenia as well as mood disorders. Aim: To assess and compare the profiles of cognitive impairment among individuals with schizophrenia and mood disorders. Material and methods: Present study was conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital from central rural India over a period of two years as a part of postgraduate dissertation in Psychiatry. Cognitive impairment was assessed by using PGI brain dysfunction battery which consisted of five tests such as Bhatia's short battery of performance intelligence, Verbal adult intelligence test, PGI memory scale, Bender visual-motor gestalt test, and the Nahor-Benson test for perceptual acuity. Results: On comparing Group A (schizophrenia) and Group B (mood disorders), we found that Bender Gestalt and Nahor-Benson tests had statistically significant difference between GroupA and Group B (p <0.05) and such difference was found to be higher in Group B (mood disorders). While comparing Group A and Group B, we found that total dysfunctional rating score (DRS) had statistically non-significant difference between Group A and Group B (p <0.05). Conclusion: Some cognitive domains appear to be more affected than others with diverse presentation among the individuals suffering from schizophrenia and mood disorders. Early diagnosis of and effective coping with the cognitive impairments may reduce the burden of both disorders and prevent further complications such as treatment dropouts or treatment denial.
Lissencephaly is a rare genetic disorder of brain malformation. It is characterized by the absence of normal folds or convolutions of the cerebral cortex. It is caused by abnormal neuronal migration during a period of embryonic development. It has various symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing, unusual facial appearance, abnormal muscular spasms, failure to thrive, extreme psychomotor retardation, deformities of fingers, toes, or hands, intellectual disability, and the seizure episodes. There are two variants of Lissencephaly namely type I and II. This case report has highlighted a rare case of type II Lissencephaly with chronic epilepsy and behavioral disturbances in a 12-year-old child managed effectively with a mood stabilizing antiepileptic drug named Divalproex sodium and a benzodiazepine named Clobazam.
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