Background:Primary infertility is a serious health issue that has profound socioeconomic and health implications on both the individual and society. Despite the important consequences of infertility, estimation of its prevalence is limited.Objective:The objective of the study is (1) to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility among women of reproductive age group in urban population of Central India and (2) to study its associated risk factors.Material and Methods:In a community-based cross-sectional study, all married women between 15 and 49 years of age in urban field practice area were included. The data were collected by face-to-face interview with the help of predesigned and pretested questionnaire.Results:The majority of the women (39.3%) belonged to 25–29 years of age group. The overall prevalence of primary infertility among reproductive age group women was 8.9% (51/570). Sociodemographic factors that had statistically significant association with infertility were age at marriage more than 25 years (P < 0.05), nuclear family (P < 0.05), higher education level (P = 0.04), employed women (P < 0.05), high socioeconomic status (P = 0.01), and family history of infertility (P < 0.05). Physiological factors that had statistically significant association with infertility were obesity (P = 0.03), age at menarche more than 14 years (P < 0.05) and irregular menstruation pattern (P < 0.05). Depression (P = 0.01) and stress (P < 0.05) were the psychological factors significantly associated with infertility.Conclusion:The prevalence rate of primary infertility in urban population of Central India was lower than reported trends of infertility from developing countries. Sound knowledge about various factors related to infertility can help health-care providers and policymakers to design and implement various policies.

Background:Stroke, a major public health problem in India and worldwide, is associated with many risk factors. The modification of risk factors, an important public health strategy, has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke. Hence the present study was carried out to document the risk factor profile of stroke.Methods:It was a case-control study. Patients with stroke admitted in a tertiary care centre in central India and age and sex matched controls were included. Detail history and clinical examination was done in all cases and controls. The risk factors studied were education, socioeconomic status (according to Kuppuswamy’s classification), level of physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking, tobacco chewing, family history of stroke and history of systemic hypertension, transient ischemic attack or ischemic heart disease. Anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference) measurements were done in all patients. Electrocardiogram was done in cases as well as controls and abnormalities noted.Statistical Analysis:The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.4.1 software. Chi-square test was used as test of significance and p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.Results:On comparing the cases with controls, sedentary life-style (p=0.02), history of transient ischemic attack (p=0.002), coronary artery disease (p=0.014), family history of stroke (p=0.001), systemic hypertension (p<0.001) and ECG abnormalities (p=0.04) were significant risk factors whereas low socio-economic status (p=0.40), smoking (p=0.12), tobacco chewing (p=0.35), alcohol consumption (p=0.22), obesity [both central and generalized as assessed by waist circumference (p=0.33) and BMI respectively (p=0.43)] and Diabetes mellitus (p=0.07) were not found to be statistically significant risk factors. The most significant risk factor was systemic hypertension (OR= 15.92, 95% CI, 1.78-6.85) followed by coronary artery disease (OR=3.86, 95% CI, 1.13-14.50), abnormal ECG (OR=2.49, 95% CI, 0.97-6.96) and sedentary life-style (OR=2.41, 95% CI, 1.07-5.49).Conclusions:In the present hospital based case control study in patients with stroke, sedentary life-style, history of transient ischemic attack, family history of stroke, coronary artery disease, systemic hypertension and abnormal ECG were significant risk factors. This could be helpful in early identification of subjects at risk for stroke and formulating public health strategy, if proven by larger population based studies.

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Background:In India, malnutrition has two ends. Under nutrition attracted the focus of health workers, as it is more prevalent. But over the past few years, childhood obesity is increasingly being observed with the changing lifestyle of families with increased purchasing power, increasing hours of inactivity due to television, video games and computers have replaced outdoor games and other social activities. Globally, an estimated 10% of school-aged children, between 5 and 17 years of age, are overweight and obese. Obesity can be seen as first wave of a defined cluster of non-communicable diseases called “New World Syndrome” creating an enormous socio-economic and public health burden in poorer countries. The most important consequence of childhood obesity is its persistence into adulthood with all its health risks like dyslipidemia, hyper-insulinemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, gall bladder disease, hypertension and some sex hormone- sensitive cancers. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to determine the prevalence of overweight in high school students and to study the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and cardiovascular efficiency.Methodology:A school based cross sectional study was conducted in 2 schools of Nagpur. The total number of students included in the study was 565. Student’s complete information regarding profile was taken in pretested questionnaire format after taking informed consent of parents. The anthropometric measurements of the students were done. Student’s height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The student’s cardiovascular efficiency was assessed with the help of Harvard step test.Statistical Analysis:The data was analyzed using Epi info version 3.4.1 software. Chi-square test was used as test of significance and p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.Results:90.97% students belonged to 13, 14 and 15 years of age group. majority of the students belong to 14 years (33.81), followed by 13 years (33.27) and 15 years (23.89) of age group respectively. The prevalence of overweight in students was 5.84% and obesity was 0.35%. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6.19%. The prevalence of overweight in boys is 5.31% and obesity was 0.63% and that in girls is 6.53% and 0% respectively. The association between Harvard step test and overweight was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.000001).Conclusion:The total prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6.19%. The association between Harvard step test and overweight was found to be statistically significant (p< 0.000001).

INTRODUCTIONThe Indian stock market has started with the East India Company dealing in the trading of small quantities of shares and stocks (mainly cotton) as early as 18th century. The lack of connectivity and resources limited the trading to a small number of investors. A lot has changed in the 300 years that followed. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) estimates that over 18 million Indians now invest in stock market. Though it seems like a small fraction of the Indian population, this number is set to increase tremendously in the future from the current 1.3% to over 20% as with other countries in South-East Asia (21% in Hong Kong, 10.5% in China, 39.5% in Taiwan) [1]. Globalization and technological revolution made it possible to expand conduct trade in real time irrespective of the location. The relative low investment capital for a stock market venture attract young generation to choose stock trading over conventional business plans. It is important to note that majority of the day traders Correspondence: Dr. Arun Mitra, Resident, Dept of Community Medicine, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Nagpur. Email: arunmitra2003@gmail.com belong to the younger generation. In fact, a survey conducted in Mumbai Stock Market reveals that 97.5% of the traders to be below 45 years of age [2]. A Day-trader is someone who is involved in buying and selling stocks, options, derivatives, etc. within the same trading day in such a manner that the final position is usually closed before the market close of the trading day. During his/her typical working day, he/she would have to endure extremes of unpredictable market fluctuations, huge economic losses and uncertain financial future placing them at a greater risk of noncommunicable disease (NCD). In addition to this, they are also exposed to many risk factors of NCD like, physical inactivity, erratic smoking & drinking habits and unhealthy diet. Lancet recently published a five part series titled "Chronic diseases and development" that lays emphasis on high burden of NCDs in low and middle income countries like India, and warns of dire consequences to public health unless immediate action is taken [3][4][5]. According to WHO's Global report in 2014, NCD's accounted for over 38 million deaths worldwide in the year 2012, 80% of them in low and middle income countries and 42% were preventable and avoidable [6]. India is a growing economy and in light of changing investor sentiment and demographics (younger generation), the number of involved in day trading in India is expected to rise exponentially in the near future. This ABSTRACT Background: A Day-trader who is involved typical working day. He/she would have to endure extremes of unpredictable market fluctuations placing them at a greater risk of non-communicable disease. The data regarding these health issues among day-traders working in stock market in India is deficient. Objectives: This study was devised with the aim of studying the risk profile among day-traders and compare them with a c...