In recent decades, there has been a huge increase in the ultraviolet radiations of the sun hitting the surface of the earth that has eventually resulted in the depletion of the ozone layer. Keeping this thing in mind, it is a must to protect our skin from these rays as they cause harmful damage to human skin. These rays cause hyperpigmentation, photoaging, erythema, skin cancer and many other problems. Using sunscreen to protect our skin from them is the most popular way these days. Sunscreens are regularly tested and assigned a specific sun protection factor (SPF) according to their efficacy to protect skin. Most of synthetic sunscreen agents are very harmful for us as they cause Leukocytosis, allergic reactions, damage DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid), reduction of organ weight and evennanemia. Many Compounds that are obtained from nature for example lignin, flavonoids, aloe Vera, tomato, Shea butter, jojoba oil, evening primrose oil, saffron, almond, etc.(Et cetra) are also efficient in protecting our skin from these rays. They also have higher antioxidant capacities and many other paybacks as compared to synthetic ones. In this paper, an effort has been made to review these natural sunscreen agents so as to make people aware about their beneficial properties.
Background:
Heterocyclic compounds have gained attention due to their growing demand against various infectious diseases, but their synthesis with hazardous chemicals, costly catalysts, and costly purification methods encourage researchers to explore alternative sources. The electrochemical method offers a powerful and versatile approach for assembling different heterocyclic structures. Moreover, it gives a highly proficient and green methodology that avoids harmful oxidants and reductants.
Objective:
In this review, we aim to compile the different types of reaction i.e. Curtin-Hammet, Michael addition, Wittig reaction, Henry, Diels-Alder, Friedel-crafts, Kolbe, Heck, Benzoin condensation reaction taking place in case of electrochemical synthesis in the last 3 years from 2017-2020. So, to the best of our knowledge, after 2017 there is no such report present that can explain the present scenario in the field of electrochemical synthesis. So, this encouraged us to write a review on this interesting topic.
Result:
From this study, we concluded that the electrochemical methods provide a green and proficient methodology for radical intermediate’s age utilizing electrons as traceless reagents, which could avoid the use of harmful oxidants and reductants.
Medicinal plants are rich in phytochemicals, which have been used as a source of raw material in medicine since ancient times. Presently they are mostly used to treat Henoch–Schonlein purpura, hemoptysis, and bleeding. The manuscript covers the classification, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, herbal formulations, and patents of Cirsium. The main goal of this review is to impart recent information to facilitate future comprehensive research and usthe e of Cirsium for the development of therapeutics. We investigated numerous databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis imprints, and books on ethnopharmacology. The plants of the genus Cirsium of the family Asteraceae contain 350 species across the world. Phytochemical investigations showed that it contains flavonoids, phenols, polyacetylenes, and triterpenoids. The biological potential of this plant is contributed by these secondary metabolites. Cirsium plants are an excellent and harmless agent for the cure of liver diseases; therefore, they might be a good clinical option for the development of therapeutics for hepatic infections. The phytochemical studies of different Cirsium species and their renowned pharmacological activities could be exploited for pharmaceutic product development. Furthermore, studies are required on less known Cirsium species, particularly on the elucidation of the mode of action of their activities.
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