AIMTo document the differences in pathoanatomy of the gallstone disease between Tribals and Non-Tribals of Tripura.
MATERIALS AND METHODThis retrospective study includes 719 cases who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the period February 2012 to January 2015 of which 163 were Tribals and remaining 556 were non-Tribals. History and symptoms of presentation were noted in both the groups and duration to first consultation also noted in both the groups.
RESULTIt has been observed that the disease is more prevalent in non-Tribals than Tribals. While performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it has been noted that adhesions of Gall bladder are more common in non-Tribals; 15.95% of Tribals had adhesions with omentum and adjacent viscera in contrast to 23.9% in non-Tribals; 19.2% of adhesions were thick in Tribals, whereas 30.82% were thick in non-Tribals; 15.38% adhesions were tough in Tribals in comparison to 28.57% amongst non-Tribals.
CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is comparatively easier in Tribals than non-Tribals due to difference in pathoanatomy including relatively redundant mesentery of Gall bladder making the dissection easier.
<p class="abstract">Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that have become a major public health concern since the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in 2002. The continuous evolution of coronaviruses was further highlighted with the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) outbreak in 2012. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in the entry of virus into the cell and it further interacts with ACE-II receptors which are widely distributed on the human cell surface especially on alveolar type II cells (AT-2) and endothelium. Currently, the world is concerned about the 2019 novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) that was initially identified in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. Patients presented with severe viral pneumonia and respiratory illness. Despite the virus not being dermatotropic, several skin conditions have emerged mainly as a result of prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive personal hygiene. In this review, we discuss structure, genome organisation, entry of CoVs into target cells, probable cutaneous manifestation that dermatologists may be aware of skin complications and the preventive measures, outcome of the disease and the management.</p>
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