Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have piqued the curiosity of researchers all over the world due to their extensive biological activity. They are less toxic and biodegradable with the capacity to greatly boost pharmacophore bioactivity. ZnO-NPs are the most extensively used metal oxide nanoparticles in electronic and optoelectronics because of their distinctive optical and chemical properties which can be readily modified by altering the morphology and the wide bandgap. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using extracts of therapeutic plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, etc., improves their stability and biocompatibility in many biological settings, and its biofabrication alters its physiochemical behavior, contributing to biological potency. As such, ZnO-NPs can be used as an effective nanocarrier for conventional drugs due to their cost-effectiveness and benefits of being biodegradable and biocompatible. This article covers a comprehensive review of different synthesis approaches of ZnO-NPs including physical, chemical, biochemical, and green synthesis techniques, and also emphasizes their biopotency through antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral, wound healing, and cardioprotective activity. Green synthesis from plants, bacteria, and fungus is given special attention, with a particular emphasis on extraction techniques, precursors used for the synthesis and reaction conditions, characterization techniques, and surface morphology of the particles.

Summary:Purpose: To analyze effects of different types of seizures and nonepileptic events as well as effects of seizure duration and lapse between the time of seizure and blood collection on serum prolactin level and peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count.Methods: We prospectively collected blood samples from all patients admitted to our Epilepsy Monitoring Unit at baseline and after an event. Blood samples were analyzed, and serum prolactin level and WBC count were determined. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relation of each type of seizure, its duration, and time lapse between a seizure and collection of blood sample to the serum prolactin level and peripheral WBC count.Results: Serum prolactin level increases above twice the level at baseline after a complex partial seizure or a generalized seizure. Peripheral WBC count is elevated above the upper limit of normal in about one third of cases after a generalized seizure. In generalized seizures, the length of a seizure is positively associated, whereas the lapse time between the seizure onset and blood draw is negatively correlated with the increase in WBC count. Thus the longer the seizure and quicker the blood draw, the higher the WBC count. Conclusions:We conclude that complex partial or generalized seizures are associated with an increase in serum prolactin level. Peripheral WBC count increases significantly after a generalized seizure and is probably transient in nature. Key Words: Seizure-WBC-Prolactin-Nonepileptic eventLeukocytosis.Serum prolactin level is a well-established test to help differentiate epileptic seizures from nonepileptic events (pseudoseizures). Elevation of serum prolactin level is common after complex partial and generalized tonicclonic seizures and to a lesser extent after simple partial seizures (1,2). However, some have questioned the validity of serum prolactin levels in differentiating nonepileptic from epileptic events (3,4).It is generally believed that status epilepticus and to some degree a generalized tonic-clonic seizure may induce leukocytosis (5). However, we did not find any prospective studies evaluating the relation of leukocyte count to a single seizure. The cause of this increase in the leukocyte count also is not well studied.The white blood cell (WBC) count increases after rigorous exercise (6). We hypothesize that elevation of WBC count after a seizure is a result of muscular activity during the seizure. If that is the case, the elevation in WBC should be directly related to the length of generalized tonic-clonic activity. We studied the relation of leukocyte count to the type of seizure, the length of the seizure, and lapse of time between the seizure and collection of the blood sample. METHODSThe data were collected prospectively, but analyzed retrospectively. The Wayne State University Institutional Review Board for human investigations approved the study. The patients were admitted to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) at Harper University Hospital for continuous EEG and CCTV monitoring. E...

This experiment was performed at the Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Barkachha (BHU) Mirzapur, as a pot culture study, from November 2018 to March 2019–20. This experiment is a completely randomised design, taking three replications with six treatments, i.e., T1: Control, T2: 5 g kg-1 Hydrogel, T3: 10 g kg-1 Hydrogel, T4: 15 g kg-1 Hydrogel, T5: 20 g kg-1 Hydrogel, and T6: 25 g kg-1 Hydrogel. The soil was incubated with different doses of hydrogel for 120 days. The samples were collected after incubation, processed in a laboratory, and analysed for physical and chemical properties of soil. The results demonstrated that the use of hydrogel had a significant impact on the various soil properties, particularly the water holding capacity and bulk density of the soil. Other soil properties that were significantly influenced were particle density, porosity, electrical conductivity, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. However, the application of hydrogel did not influence the pH of soil or the organic carbon content of soil. The application of hydrogel at a rate of 25 g kg1 showed the highest values of available N, P, K, and S content in soil as well as the water holding capacity. In some soil properties, the treatment containing 25 g kg-1 hydrogel was found to be statistically equivalent to that containing 20 g kg-1 hydrogel.