Background: The point of the present investigation was to blend effective chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with Pterocarpus marsupium (PM) heartwood extract and evaluate its biomedical applications. Various plant extract concentrations (PM-CNPs-1, PM-CNPs-2, PM-CNPs-3) are used to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles and optimized to acquire a stable nanoparticle formulation. The entrapment efficiency and in vitro release studies of the plant extract encapsulated in CNPs are estimated. The PM-loaded CNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized chitosan nanoparticles were evaluated for their alphaamylase inhibitory activity and inhibition of albumin denaturation activity. Results: The XRD pattern of PM-CNPs shows less number of peaks at low intensity due to the interaction of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate. The FT-IR spectrum with peaks at 1639.55 and 1149.02 cm −1 confirms the formation of chitosan nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles ranges between 100 and 110 nm with spherical shape illustrated by SEM and TEM analysis. The nanoparticle formulation with 10% plant extract concentration (PM-CNPs-2) showed optimum particle size, higher stability, enhanced entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release characteristics. Synthesized chitosan nanoparticles have shown a significant increase in alpha-amylase inhibition and appreciable anti-inflammatory activity as measured by inhibition of protein denaturation. Conclusions: The investigation reports the eco-friendly, cost-effective method for synthesizing chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Pterocarpus marsupium Rox.b heartwood extract.
Psychiatric case reports of male genital self-mutilation (GSM) in the literature are rare and mostly anecdotal. Majority of them are connected with personality disorders. In men, psychosis is an important cause for GSM, causing up to 80% of automutilations.
BACKGROUNDThis study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of leprosy patients attending King George Hospital, between 2016 and 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODSEvery consecutive patient suspected of having leprosy was included in the study. All the patients attending dermatology Out Patient Department and cases referred from other departments were included in the study during the 2 years study period.Total number of patients included in the study-315, Number of males-213, Number of females-102. All patients suspected to have leprosy were confirmed by clinical examination including sensory and motor examination, slit skin smear and biopsy. Confirmed cases were categorized into respective spectrum. The sample included all age groups. Only new cases were included in the study.Statistical analysis used-Percentages and tabular forms are used in this study. RESULTSMost commonly involved are males and between the age group of 25 -45. The overall prevalence of leprosy attending King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, between the years 2016 and 2018 is 2.5; prevalence among male patients is 1.71; prevalence among female patients is 0.8. The prevalence previously in 2016-2017 as given by the district leprosy prevention office is 0.27. The most common spectrum is of borderline tuberculoid type. CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of leprosy is still continuing to be high and this may be due to the high prevalence in areas in and around Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam and Orissa as most of the patients attending our OPD are from these areas. Endemicity of the disease, poor knowledge of the patients about disease, leads to no treatment or irregular treatment and exposure to close contacts which in turn lead to spread of infection to the susceptible hosts.
BACKGROUNDMelasma is an acquired, circumscribed, pigmentary disorder characterised by more or less symmetrically distributed, mediumto-dark brown macules with defined geographic borders affecting the sun exposed areas particularly the forehead, cheeks, temples and upper lip. Melasma is a commonly encountered pigmentary disorder in dermatological practice. The pathogenesis of melasma is unknown.
BACKGROUND: SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease with protean manifestations; emphasizing upon the need for a thorough cutaneous and systemic workup. Certain cutaneous features act as forerunners of systemic involvement. AIM: To analyse the association between skin manifestations and systemic involvement and disease activity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is an institution based retrospective study conducted over a period of two years with a sample of 30 patients (2 males and 28 females; mean age 22.83 ± 8.53 years) with Cutaneous lupus erythematoses who satisfied atleast 4 out of 11 revised 1982 ARA criteria of SLE in a tertiary care centre. A thorough clinical, investigative and mortality data has been collected from the records. The diagnosis has been confirmed using histopathological and immunological analysis in all the patients. The disease activity and severity have been determined by using SLEDAI-2K score. The statistical evaluation has been carried out by determining the frequency of occurrence of systemic involvement in relation to cutaneous manifestations and p value by Fischer's exact test of significance has been calculated. RESULTS: Cutaneous manifestations like malar rash, photosensitivity, noncicatricial alopecia, oral ulcers and vasculitis are associated with systemic involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous manifestations in SLE can be considered as markers of systemic involvement and indicate a prima facie suspicion which can guide in instituting appropriate management.
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