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Polymorphism in the beta-LG gene in the Indian goat was investigated by the SDS-PAGE and PCR-RFLP method. SDS-PAGE was carried out in 1098 samples belonging to 8 different breeds of Indian goats. The electrophoretic pattern in the beta-LG locus showed the presence of AA and AB genotypes with frequencies of 0.81 and 0.19, 0.89 and 0.11, 0.50 and 0.50, 0.80 and 0.20, 0.84 and 0.16, 1.00 and 0.00, 0.98 and 0.02 and 0.950 and 0.050 in Jamunapari, Barbari, Marwari, Sirohi, Jakhrana, Beetal, Local UP and Local MP goats, respectively. A total of 358 individuals belonging to 13 different genetic groups were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method. The amplified product was observed as 426 bp and the restriction digestion with SacII revealed three genotypes, namely S1S1, S1S2 and S2S2 at the beta-LG locus. The frequency of the S2S2 genotype ranged from 0.42 to 1.00 in the population. An analysis was carried out in Jamunapari and Barbari goats to observe the effect of the beta-LG genotype on 90-day milk yield. Least squares analysis of data showed that beta-LG AA animals had higher milk yield than the beta-LG AB genotype in both breeds (P < 0.01).

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SUMMARYSerum obtained from mice 3 to 5 weeks after the third i.p. dose of dengue type 2 virus (DV) protected recipient mice against intracerebral challenge with DV, whereas the serum obtained after I and 2 weeks provided minimum protection. Adoptive intravenous transfer of immune spleen cells obtained from mice I to 5 weeks after immunization did not protect recipient mice against even a small dose (IO LDs0 ) of DV. Depletion of T-cells by treatment of mice with anti-thymocyte serum did not potentiate DV infection. Development of a cell-mediated immune response (CMI) against DV was noted only at two periods by the leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMI), with borderline values of 20 and 21%. Dengue virus did not cause illness or death in mice when given by i.p. or i.v. routes and this was not affected by pre-treatment of mice with silica to damage local macrophages. It is concluded that humoral antibody plays a critical role in recovery from primary dengue virus infection of mice whereas CMI and macrophages appear to have no protective role.

Inflammatory mediators, hsCRP and IL-6 were elevated in half of the overweight children. Adiponectin and IL-6 correlated well with traditional risk markers.

In the present study, out of 264 phosphate (P) solubilizing Bacillus strains isolated from apple rhizosphere, only twelve isolates were found to be efficient (showed most of the plant growth promoting activity) which were further characterized at molecular level using 16S rDNA partial gene sequencing. Out of 12 isolates, MZPSB 207 was found to be most efficient P-solubilizing (864.71 μg/ml) isolate which also showed indole acetic acid production (51.83 μg/ml), siderophore production, ammonia production, antagonistic property (against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum), hydrolytic enzymes productions (protease, chitinase and cellulase), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase production (7.7 μm αKB mg-1 h-1). The in-vitro seed germination assay showed that Bacillus (twelve isolates) inoculated seeds showed more seed germination and seedling vigor rate as compared to uninoculated control treatment.For the genetic diversity studies of efficient 12 strains, the polyphasic approach using 16S-rDNA, Repetitive element sequence (rep) based PCR (ERIC-PCR and BOX-PCR) were used. Based on 16S rDNA partial gene sequencing the isolated Bacillus genus was divide into four groups. First group (five isolates), second group (two isolates), third group (three isolates) and fourth group (two isolates) which showed close genetic relatedness to the B. subtilis, B. pumulis, B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens, respectively. The rep PCR fingerprinting showed variability between and within the species. The large variability was showed by ERIC-PCR whereas some variability was showed by BOX-PCR. The results clearly showed that 16S rRNA gene sequencing is unable to discriminate the isolates at strain level. But rep-PCR fingerprinting is excellent tool to characterize and discriminate the strains at the genomic level.