The synergy of perceptual psychology, technology, and neuroscience can be used to comprehend how virtual reality affects cognition of human brain. Numerous studies have used neuroimaging modalities to assess the cognitive state and response of the brain with various external stimulations. The virtual reality-based devices are well known to incur visual, auditory, and haptic induced perceptions. Neurophysiological recordings together with virtual stimulations can assist in correlating humans’ physiological perception with response in the environment designed virtually. The effective combination of these two has been utilized to study human behavior, spatial navigation performance, and spatial presence, to name a few. Moreover, virtual reality-based devices can be evaluated for the neurophysiological correlates of cognition through neurophysiological recordings. Challenges exist in the integration of real-time neuronal signals with virtual reality-based devices, and enhancing the experience together with real-time feedback and control through neuronal signals. This article provides an overview of neurophysiological correlates of cognition as revealed by virtual reality experience, together with a description of perception and virtual reality-based neuromodulation, various applications, and existing challenges in this field of research.
The past decade has seen tremendous growth in the demand for biometrics and data security technologies in applications ranging from law enforcement and immigration control to online security. The benefits of biometrics technologies are apparent as they become important technologies for information security of governments, business enterprises, and individuals. At the same time, however, the use of biometrics has raised concerns as to issues of ethics, privacy, and the policy implications of its widespread use.The large-scale deployment of biometrics technologies in e-governance, e-security, and e-commerce has required that we launch an international dialogue on these issues, a dialogue that must involve key stakeholders and that must consider the legal, political, philosophical and cultural aspects of the deployment of biometrics technologies. The Third International Conference on Ethics and Policy of Biometrics and International Data Sharing was highly successful in facilitating such interaction among researchers, policymakers, consumers, and privacy groups. This conference was supported and funded as part of the RISE project in its ongoing effort to develop wide consensus and policy recommendations on ethical, medical, legal, social, cultural, and political concerns in the usage of biometrics and data security technologies. The potential concerns over the deployment of biometrics systems can be jointly addressed by developing smart biometrics technologies and by developing policies for the deployment of biometrics technologies that clearly demarcate conflicts of interest between stakeholders. This conference was highly successful, attracting a large number of participants from 19 countries and regions, witnessing lively debates on various aspects of 25 oral presentations, and promoting interactions among the participants that stimulated a wealth of new ideas for further work.We are grateful to Emilio Mordini and René von Schomberg for providing the opportunity and all their support for organizing this conference. We sincerely thank Samson Tam, Alex Wai, and all the keynote speakers for accepting the invitation to join the conference. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to the RISE project members, contributors, authors of invited papers, reviewers, and Program Committee members who made this conference so successful. We also wish to acknowledge The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Springer for sponsoring this conference. Special thanks are due to
BACKGROUND In medical education, there are different types of teaching-learning methods. Various methods are utilised for transfer of knowledge to students. There has been an evolution in the teaching-learning methods due to the development in the technologies used for dissipation of knowledge. The advent of e-learning has created a new vista in the methods of teaching. Among this, mobile learning has become an important tool. Because of its ease of use and attractiveness, mobiles are very popular with the students. The aim of the study is to study the effectiveness of sensitisation on undergraduate students using m-learning techniques for the bedside clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 students of 8 th semester (batches of 6 students for 3 months) posted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology were divided into two groups. One group was sensitised on the previous day by sending the module on the topic using the mobile application 'WhatsApp.' The students of this group were requested not to share the information with the other group till the study is over. The topic was taught the next day as a bedside clinic. The other group is taught directly without prior sensitisation. A post test was conducted on both groups related to the topic that was taught. The control group was later provided the topic module through their WhatsApp. Feedback questionnaires were given to both groups. The scores were analysed by unpaired ttest and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The sensitised group had better post test scores and feedback scores (P<.001). There was improved learning ability and enhanced interest in topic by arousing attentiveness and active participation in the process of learning. CONCLUSION Mobile learning is an effective method for improving the cognitive domain and arousing the interest in the subject.
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