The banking system is a key link in the economy. As a guarantor of human rights protection, the state must ensure the growth of the well-being of citizens, including by providing affordable and cheap consumer loans to the population. The in-creased level of debt on unsecured consumer loans of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan makes it necessary to reduce the debt burden of the population to credit institutions. The purpose of the study was to compare the legislation and the practice of applying sustainability of banking legislation in the field of lending to individuals in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The article characterises the sustainability of banking legislation of the Republic of Kazakh-stan, describes the main legislative reforms, their implementation and consequenc-es. A comparative analysis of the measures taken in Kazakhstan to protect the rights of a borrower with the system of the Russian Federation as the most approx-imate in terms of economic and social indicators. The main problems of the activi-ty of credit institutions on the territory of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation were revealed and possible ways of their solution were found. It was concluded that nowadays the main problem of consumer lending is unfair lending by finan-cial organisations. It is necessary to adopt a separate law on consumer lending, which will ensure the protection of the interests of borrowers.
In the process of reforming the criminal procedure legislation, the institution of the prosecutor’s office has become one of its important aspects. The judiciary, being one of the independent and autonomous branches of power in criminal proceedings, which is a system of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, is by far the most effective structure for protecting human rights. The article reveals the essence of judicial control and prosecutorial supervision, identifies a number of problems in the form of potential threats to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of a suspect (accused) in this form of preliminary investigation. As a result of the study, the following was stated. The current provisions of the CIS constitutions regulating the sphere of human rights and freedoms have made it possible to single out separate independent areas in the activities of the prosecutor’s office. Based on the practical problems that arise in the conditions of the new Criminal Procedure Code in the CIS countries, the authors consider it reasonable that the current oversight functions assigned to the prosecution authorities in ensuring the rights and freedoms of a suspect and an accused during the investigation, necessitate further special studies with the aim of development of evidence-based proposals for their resolution.
The progress of market relations without fail requires a theoretical understanding of the various legal forms of doing business, where special attention is given to business partnerships. In world practice, such enterprises are successfully used for small and medium-sized businesses. At the present stage, this legal form is used to create short-term joint ventures, especially for the implementation of short-term investment projects. The issues of the legal status of business partnerships as a factor of sustainable development are traditionally widely covered in civil law, at the same time, the legal status of business partnerships of the Republic of Kazakh-stan and the Russian Federation should be given more attention in the context of the realities of today's innovative processes and reforming national legislation. The research using approbation of a set of scientific methods made it possible to reveal legal approaches to the study of business partnerships, to analyse the relevant cur-rent legislative framework, to assess its effectiveness and compliance with the re-quirements of updated business processes. The article substantiates that business partnerships are the most accessible legal form of doing business in many coun-tries, while also remaining the prevailing form in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. In turn, it was stated that the legislation of the Russian Federation is only on the way of its comprehensive reform in the field of legal regulation of the position of business partnerships (general and lim-ited partnerships), which requires a balanced development and adoption of a sin-gle federal normative legal act.
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