Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome considered, one of the emerging threats of the 21 st century. The aetiology of diabetes are multifactorial which includes the genetic factors that are coupled with environmental factors such as obesity associated with rising living standards, urban migration and lifestyle changes. Various classes of anti diabetic drugs are currently being used in the treatment, which acts by different mechanisms to reduce the blood glucose level and maintain optimal glycemic control. The objective of our study was to analyse the prescription pattern and incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A prospective, observational study was carried out in 120 diabetes patients attending the inpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The samples were collected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Socio-demographics and clinical data were noted in a pre-designed Performa. According to our study majority of diabetes patients belong to 60-69 age groups. Patients affected were non vegetarians, physically inactive and had a family history of one parent diabetic. Based on prescription pattern of anti diabetic medications, (47%) patients were prescribed with insulin followed by (23%) Biguanides, (19%) Sulfonyl ureas, (9%) Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors and (2%) Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors. Oral anti-diabetic drugs were prescribed in the following order: Metformin > Glimepiride > Sitagliptin > Glibenclamide > Vildagliptin > Gliclazide > Glipizide > Voglibose. Based on the number of drugs prescribed for diabetic treatment, monotherapy (57%) was more common followed by dual therapy (33%) and three drug (10%) therapy.
Avenanthramides, the phenolic antioxidants exclusively found in oats (Avena sativa L.), have long been recognized for their immense health benefits owing to their antioxidant potential. Herein, hydroperoxyl radical ( • OOH) scavenging activity of oat avenanthramides is investigated in detail, using density functional theory for the first time. Three probable mechanisms: (a) hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), (b) single electron transfer followed by proton transfer, and (c) sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), are considered towards evaluating the antioxidant potential of avenanthramides (A-C) in the gas phase as well as in both polar and non-polar media. Based on the computed data, HAT is found to be the thermodynamically preferred mechanism for antioxidant activity in the gas phase. In the polar medium, SPLET represents the most probable reaction pathway. Our thermodynamic and kinetic data computed at the B3LYP level predict avenanthramide C, characterized by an ortho-dihydroxy functionality on the aromatic ring, as the most potent radical scavenger among the three variants, in agreement with the available experimental reports.
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