The article analyses the management of a virtual project team in international companies. It provides a theoretical overview of virtual project team management, and the results of the research are presented. A qualitative study was carried out in which a structured interview was used to interview managers working in international companies who lead virtual project teams. The study involved nine informants, working in Lithuania, the United Kingdom, the United States, Bangladesh, France, Malaysia and Poland. The results of the study revealed the influence of information and communication technologies in managing a virtual project team, how emotional and motivational processes are managed, the importance of trust to a virtual project team, and how team management is improving. To summarise the research, the results provide a virtual project team management model that benefits companies and virtual project team managers who strive for the productive management of these teams. KEY WORDS: virtual project team, management of virtual project team, management in international companies. AnotacijaStraipsnyje analizuojamas virtualios projekto komandos valdymo tarptautinėse įmonėse klausimas. Pateikiama teorinė apžvalga, kas būdinga virtualios projekto komandos valdymui, atlikto tyrimo rezultatai. Atliktas kokybinis tyrimas: struktūruotu interviu apklausti tarptautinėse įmonėse dirbantys vadovai, vadovaujantys virtualiai projekto komandai. Tyrime dalyvavo 9 Lietuvoje, Jungtinėje Karalystėje, Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose, Bangladeše, Prancūzijoje, Malaizijoje ir Lenkijoje dirbantys informantai. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė informacinių ir ryšių technologijų poveikį virtualios projekto komandos valdymo procesui: kaip valdomi emociniai ir motyvaciniai procesai, kuo virtualiai projekto komandai svarbus pasitikėjimas, kaip tobulinamas komandos valdymas. Apibendrinus apklausos rezultatus pateikiamas virtualios projekto komandos valdymo modelis, kuris gali būti naudingas įmonėms, virtualių projektų komandų vadovams, siekiantiems veiksmingai valdyti komandas. PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: virtuali projekto komanda, virtualios projekto komandos valdymas, tarptautinių įmonių valdymas.
Globalisation and technological advancement have an enormous impact on how businesses operate. Technological evolution, economic challenges, and different generations working in one workforce impact businesses to seek flexibility and adopt techniques that support virtual teamwork. In the modern international business environment increasing number of teams that work in virtual environments through project execution, leads to the need for theory and research on how successfully manage virtual project teams. In this paper the analysis of the scientific literature allowed to formulate the definition of a virtual project team, the analysis was able to show the management aspects, which are related to the features of the virtual project team, review of scientific literature also let to disclose the emerging problems faced by managers. These results were used to conceptualise the virtual project team management model in international companies.
Although the prevalence of project teams in international organizations is growing rapidly, while influencing the governance of organizations at the global, regional, and local levels, the response of organizations to such changes has been slower, according to authors A. I. Mockaitis, L. Zander, and H. De Cieri (2018). Organizations need to look at virtual project team development opportunities, methods, tools to learn to work in a multicultural space. The uptake of improvement opportunities for organizations would have a positive impact on many aspects like competition, efficiency, and reputation. In this context, it is important to analyse and research the uniqueness of virtual project teams and the problems arising in the management of these teams, because in the international business environment, the operation of these teams is a necessary condition for business to operate effectively. The article analyses the emerging problems in virtual project team management in international companies. A theoretical overview of possible problems in managing virtual project teams is presented, the results of the performed qualitative research are presented. During the research, managers working in international companies who lead a virtual project team were interviewed using the qualitative research method. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 and involved 9 informants working in Lithuania, the United Kingdom, the United States, Bangladesh, France, Malaysia, and Poland. The results of the study revealed the opinion of virtual project team leaders how these teams differ from traditional teams. The results revealed problems that may arise in the management of virtual project teams, such as misunderstanding and ambiguity of transmitted information, lack of emotion, presence and loss of information, higher time costs for work tasks, different, culturally influenced work principles and etiquette, and loss of personal and work balance boundaries. These problems are addressed in several ways, openly throughout the group, individually or through an external team.
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