Despite advancements in diagnostic and standard treatment modalities, cancer survival rate remains disappointing globally. It has however, been recognized that exploring the therapeutic properties of secondary metabolite from natural products may alleviate the problems of drug resistance and toxicity that besiege the conventional therapies, and hence improve the overall prognosis of cancer patient. To this end curcumin, a polyphenolic natural compound has been widely studied for it anticancer activities in in vitro and in vivo models. Computational technology has significantly improved the success rate of drug discovery and development, hence, it has become a widely explore tool in drug candidate identification. In this study we used computational approached to identify 12 genes that are potential druggable candidate for curcumin. The genes identified were found to be enriched in cancer and drug resistance associated signaling pathways. Interestingly, the top 3 identified genes; Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) were observed to be over expressed in multiple cancer cohorts and were associated with poor prognoses of the patients. Curcumin has good physicochemical, bioavailability and ADMET properties. Importantly, it met the Lipinski's Rule of 5 for drug likeness and thus worthy of further in vitro and in vivo confirmation studies.
Aim: To evaluate the antidiarrhoea effect of hydromethanolic leave extract of I. asarifolia (HLEIA) on castor oil-induced diarrhea. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi state, Nigeria. P.M.B.1144. Kebbi State. Nigeria, between February 2015 and September 2016. Methodology: In a continuous effort to search for bioactive agents from medicinal plants, the antidiarrhoea activity of I. asarifolia was investigated. The effect of hydromethanolic leave extract of I. asarifolia (HLEIA) on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal transit and intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) were assessed in albino rats. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures while acute oral toxicity studies was determined using the staircase method. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, terpenoid, tannin, saponin, phenols. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 3000 mg/kg since there was no mortality recorded after 14 days of acute oral toxicity studies. Sub-chronic administration of graded doses (150 – 600 mg/kg) of HLEIA significantly (p<0.05) reduced diarrhoea episodes, decreased gastro intestinal movement and inhibited intestinal fluid accumulation compared to the control. The antidiarrhoea effect of treated group (600 mg/kg ) was comparable to that of the standard drug Loperamide. Conclusion: The findings of the present study scientifically validate the use of I. asarifolia in the treatment of diarrhoea.
Methanol leaf extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was investigated for phytochemical compositions, antioxidants, antimicrobial and safety profile. The antibacterial study was carried out using agar well diffusion method, while antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2, 2′diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. A total of fifteen rats were divided into three groups (5 rats each) and were given 0, 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt of the extract orally for 28 days. Results revealed that tannins (24.72±0.36 g) is the most abundant phytochemicals followed by phenols (6.01±0.89 mg/g) while alkaloid (0.19±0.67 mg/g) was the least. Extract demonstrated antioxidant activities with IC 50 of the 244.98±5.24 µg/mL and 462.755 ± 6.98 µg/mL in DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. The extract inhibited the bacteria growth with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) values ranged between 7.5-60 μg mL -1 and 60-12 μg mL -1 respectively . The concentrations of albumins, bilirubins sodium, potassium, creatinine, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not significantly (p>0.05) altered by the extract. Urea concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher while proteins were lower in rats treated with 500 mg/kg bw of the extract. Methanol extract of E. camaldulensis could be considered as a cheap source of effective and safe herbal remedy with potential candidate for the development of a new drug.
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