Landsat 8 was launched in 2013 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). On board of the Landsat 8 is the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). Data for visible, panchromatic band, short-wave infrared spectral bands are collected by the OLI while TIRS collect images in the thermal region. As data for Landsat 8 is available to be used for public, researchers have utilized the data for numerous applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is yet a review paper on the various applications of Landsat 8 data. Hence, this paper presented an innovative survey on Landsat 8 data in the application of agriculture and forestry, land use and mapping, geology, hydrology, coastal resources and environmental monitoring. The potential of utilizing Landsat 8 data for power utility companies is also discussed in this paper. As Landsat 8 data is predicted to be available for more years to come, this paper provides insight for researchers to utilize the data better for their research.
Growing demand for air conditioner (AC) in developing countries has hit an alarming point. Enforcing higher efficiency standards for cooling appliances is one of the easier initiatives that governments can implement to reduce energy consumption and emissions of potent greenhouse gases. Malaysia has adopted the Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) in 2013 to regulate the energy performance of five common household appliances including ACs. This work sheds light on the overall improvement of AC’s energy performance after MEPS implementation. A rigorous data collection exercise was conducted to build a comprehensive sales and technical database of MEPS-compliant ACs covering the years 2013-2015. In 2015, the average energy efficiency ratio (EER) of ACs sold in the local market is 3.4, and the cumulative electricity saving and CO2 emission reduction after MEPS implementation are 1,764 GWh and 1,178 ktCO2eq respectively. The results from this study will contribute significantly to the review of the effectiveness of MEPS implementation in developing countries.
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